Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Mastitis caused by bacterial infection has negative impacts on milk quality and animal health,\nand ultimately causes economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Gram-negative bacteria\nand their component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger the inflammatory response of endothelial\ncells (ECs) and subsequently promote EC dysfunction or injury, which is a critical pathogenesis of\nmastitis-causing sepsis shock. To control the bacterial infection and to minimise the LPS negative\neffects on ECs, we thus aimed to identify the potential herb extracts that comprised antibacterial\nactivity and protective ability to inhibit LPS-induced cell death. Extracts from seven types of herbs\nderived from antibacterial screening were investigated for their protective effects on LPS-stimulated\nbovine endothelial cell line. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (C. nutans) extract appeared to\nbe the most effective antiapoptotic extract against LPS stimulation. Treatment of C. nutans extract\nin LPS-stimulated cells significantly lowered apoptotic cell death through modulating pro-survival\nBcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax expression. The investigation of bioactive compounds using solvent\nfractionation, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed glyceryl 1,3-disterate (C39H76O5), kaempferol\n3-O-feruloyl-sophoroside 7-O-glucoside (C43H48O24), and hydroxypthioceranic acid (C46H92O3) as\nthe candidate components. Our findings indicated that C. nutans extract has great potential to be\nfurther developed as an alternative therapeutic agent for mastitis treatment....
The ethnic minorities of Rajasthan use the bark of E. ganitrus as a traditional medicine for curing epilepsy. This study was performed to explore the protective effect of E. ganitrus in epileptic mice. Swiss mice were fed with the different doses (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus and assessed for toxicity parameters for acute toxicity study. Psychomotor activities of ethanolic extract of barks of E. ganitrus for 100 and 150 mg/kg doses (EGEE100 and EGEE150) were performed in mice by using various tests like actophotometer, open field, rota-rod and grip strength tests with criteria of evaluation was locomotor activity and fall of time. After 60 min. of EGEE100 and EGEE150 treatment, epilepsy was induced in mice either by subcutaneous injection of PTZ (45 mg/kg) or Via MES and all mice were observed for tonic flexion, tonic extension, clonic jerking, stupor and recovery phases. EGEE100 and EGEE150 doses were selected as per acute toxicity study and LD50 of was found to be 850 mg/kg. Psychomotor tests for EGEE 100 and EGEE 150 in mice showed CNS depressant and muscle relaxant effects. EGEE 100 and EGEE 150 in PTZ and MES induced convulsion models of mice showed that both the extracts of E. ganitrus displayed absence of tonic extension time, it concluded that these treatments exhibited antiepileptic effect in mice. EGEE100 and EGEE150 has shown ameliorative effect in epileptic mice both in PTZ and MES induced convulsion model....
Various physiological benefits have been linked to Hizikia fusiforme (HF), an edible brown\nseaweed. Here, fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from celluclast-processed\nHF (SPHF) and their antitumor effcacy against bladder cancer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.\nSPHF possesses high sulfated polysaccharide and fucose contents and free radical scavenging activities\ncompared to those of celluclast-processed HF extracts (CHF). SPHF inhibited bladder cancer EJ cell\nproliferation via G1-phase cell cycle arrest. This was due to the induction of p21WAF1 expression\nassociated with the downregulation of CDKs and cyclins. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation was\nidentified as an SPHF-mediated signaling molecule. SPHF treatment also hindered the migration\nand invasion of EJ cells by inhibiting MMP-9 expression, which was attributed to the repression of\ntranscriptional binding to NF-B, AP-1, and Sp-1 in the MMP-9 promoter region. In an animal study,\nSPHF treatment suppressed EJ tumor growth in xenograft mice similarly to cisplatin. Furthermore,\nno toxicity signs were found after weight loss assessment, biochemical tests, and organ tissue\nimmunostaining during oral administration of 20â??200 mg/kg SPHF for 20 days. Therefore, our study\ndemonstrates the antitumor effcacy of SPHF in vitro and in vivo, thus highlighting its potential for\nbladder cancer treatment development....
Zanthoxylum paracanthum Kokwaro (Rutaceae) is an endemic Kenyan and Tanzanian\nplant used in folk medicine by local populations. Although other Zanthoxylum species have been\nstudied, only Z. paracantum stem extracts have been profiled, even though the roots are also\nused as herbal remedies. As root extracts may be another source of pharmaceutical compounds,\nthe CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) root bark extract was studied in this report. Eight root bark compounds\nwere isolated and their structural identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear\nmagnetic resonance (NMR) (using COSY, HSQC, NOESY and HMBC) analyses. The structural\nidentities were determined as follows: the fatty acidâ??myristic acid (1); the sterolâ??stigmasterol (2);\nthe lignanâ??sesamin (3); two -carboline alkaloidsâ??10-methoxycanthin-6-one (6) and canthin-6-one\n(7); and three phenanthridine alkaloidsâ??8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (4), arnottianamide (5)\nand 8-oxochelerythrine (8). Some of these compounds were identified in the species for the first\ntime. These compounds and the extract were then tested in vitro against methicillin-resistant\nStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and\nCandida albicans (ATCC 10231) before tests for antiproliferative activity against the human breast\ncancer (HCC 1395), human prostate cancer (DU 145) and normal (Vero E6) cell lines were conducted.\nMinimum inhibition concentration values of 3.91, 1.95, 0.98 and 7.81 microg/mL against MRSA, S. aureus,\nE. coli and C. albicans, respectively, were recorded. Among the isolates, canthin-6-one was the most\nactive, followed by 10-methoxycanthin-6-one. The root extract and some of the compounds also\nhad antiproliferative activity against the HCC 1395 cell line. Stigmasterol and canthin-6-one had\nIC50 values of 7.2 and 0.42. The root bark extract also showed activity, at 8.12 microg/mL, against the\nHCC 1395 cells. Out of the chemical isolates, 10-methoxycanthin-6-one and canthin-6-one showed\nthe strongest inhibition of the DU 145 cells. The root extract had significant antimicrobial and\nantiproliferative activities, supporting the traditional use of this plant in treating microbial infections\nand cancer-related ailments....
The aim of the study is to determine the pharmacognostical characters of leaves of Cissampelos pareira Linn along with toxicological study of its hydro-alcoholic extract. The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of organoleptics study, physico-chemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical investigation and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The toxicological profile was determined using acute oral toxicity study, OCED guideline 423. The Organoleptic characters of the leaves revealed that it is green in color with Ovate, reniform or orbicular shape, bitter taste and aromatic odour. The physico-chemical analysis revealed total ash; water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and sulphated ash values to be 14.8 ± 0.29%, 7.43 ±0.24 %, 2.38 ± 0.17% and 1.5 ± 0.18 % respectively. The water and alcohol extractive values to be 7.48±0.18 % and 3.66 ± 0.21 %. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, proteins, reducing sugar, phenols and coumarins in hydro-alcoholic extract and presence of steroids, Terpenoids, fixed oil and fats in petroleum ether extract of leaves of Cissampelos pareira. The TLC of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of Cissampelos pareira indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compound. The acute oral toxicity study of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of Cissampelos pareira revealed that the extract is safe till 2000 mg/kg and the dose range 80 – 400 mg/kg was found to be safe and effective....
Aim of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of different fractions P. dicoccos (Rubiaceae) in wistar rats against CCl4 intoxicated liver damage. Rats were acclimatized for 7 days, after those rats were divided into six groups, each group consisting of six animals. Group I: Served as a control. Group II: Treated with vehicle daily for 15 days followed by CCl4 on the 2nd and 3rd. Group III (Silymarin): Animals treated 50 mg/kg of Silymarin for 15 days orally followed by CCl4 an 2nd and 3rd. Group IV, V and VI: treated in similar way using mthanolic, petroleum ether and water extract of 300 mg/kg, respectively followed by CCl4 an 2nd and 3rd. The preliminary phytochemical investigation of crude extracts of P. dicoccos leaves revealed the presence of pytoconstituents, which were identified as phenols, flavonoids, Saponins terpenoids proteins, carbohydrates alkaloids. The activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP and TB levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased with a significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels in toxic group as compared to the control and standard group. The levels of the enzymes were significantly reversed on treatment with P. dicoccos in a dose-dependent manner. The degree of protection was observed maximally with the test group 300 mg/kg. The water extract showed a better hepatoprotective activity (P<0.001) than methanolic as well as petroleum ether fractions....
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