Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
This study analyzed the antioxidant activity, cell viability, and human skin primary\nirritation test using the hot-water extracts of the Syzygium samarangense. As a result of the\nrecent warmer climate, tropical plants have flourished on Jeju Island, and S. samarangense is\none of these plants known to have biological activities. In this study, the hot-water extract of\nS. samarangense leaf and branch was analyzed. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH\n(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid))\nassays, and the DMPD (dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine) radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging\nactivity, ferrous-ion chelating activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, reducing power assay,\nferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content were also\nmeasured. In addition, cell viability was measured by MTT assay in human keratinocyte cells\n(HaCaT), and the safety of the extract for use on the skin was evaluated in the human skin primary\nirritation test. The antioxidant activities, except DMPD radical scavenging activity and ferrous-ion\nchelating activity, were stronger in the branch extract than in leaf extract, and the total phenol and\nflavonoid contents were also higher in the branch extract. Slight irritation was observed in the human\nskin primary irritation test. However, it was possible to observe sucient antioxidant capacity at a\nconcentration lower than the concentration used in the irritation test; therefore, if the concentration of\nthe extract is appropriately adjusted, this suggests that it is a possible natural material suitable for use\nin cosmetics....
Semisolid dosage forms are recommended for the dermal care of babies and children.\nIf we look at the ingredients of these preparations, there are still many cases in which there are\nsubstances (occlusive agents, preservatives) that no longer meet certain requirements of the modern\nage, so it is timely to replace them with other substances. The aim of this work was to formulate a\nscience-based formulation with new components that keep or improve its moisturizing properties,\nrheological parameters, and microbiological stability. Occlusive oils, like white petrolatum and\nliquid paraffn and the preservative parabens are traditional ingredients in oil in water creams, were\nreplaced with white beeswax, sunflower oil, and phenoxyethanol, respectively. Cocoa butter, urea,\nand glycerol were added to improve long-lasting hydration and support the barrier function of the\nreformulated creams. The rheological properties of the formulations were determined. The effects of\nthe preparations on skin hydration and on the barrier function of the skin were tested. Furthermore,\nmicrobiological stability was investigated. The result of the reformulation was an o/w cream that\nprovided a good longer-lasting hydration effect; supported the barrier function of the baby skin\nwithout occlusion; and had adequate consistency, easy spreading, a pleasant skin feeling, proper pH,\nand good microbiological stability....
Pickering emulsions are systems composed of two immiscible fluids stabilized by solid\norganic or inorganic particles. Pickering emulsions are particularly useful in cosmetics, where the\nsurfactants are unwanted, as well as in the pharmaceutical field, where transdermal and/or dermal\ndrug delivery is diffcult to achieve and controlled drug release is desired. Here, we studied calcium\ncarbonate particles as stabilizers of Pickering emulsions for topical use. An optimized formulation\nwas obtained using a Quality by Design approach. First, a screening experiment was performed\nto identify the formulation and process critical variables that affect the quality properties of the\nPickering emulsion. The optimization of the production was then studied by establishing the design\nspace. The final formulation was hereinafter investigated regarding the pH, rheological properties,\nand in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The results showed the formulation had a pH compatible with human\nskin and a shear thinning behavior. Moreover, this formulation showed a strong network structure,\nwith a suitable spreadability on the skin, allowing an easy application. The in vitro assays were\nperformed to assess the potential cytotoxicity of the calcium carbonate-stabilized emulsion and the\nparticles themselves, and the results revealed that the formulation did not significantly affect the cell\nviability. In conclusion, the use of calcium carbonate particles as a stabilizer ingredient contributed to\nachieve an eco-friendly Pickering emulsion....
The development and physicochemical characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)\nwith potential for formulating hair cosmetic products were carried out. SLNs were made from\nOtoba wax, which is native to the tropical Andean region and has a high chemical composition of\nfatty acids with intermediate chains. SLNs were formulated by preparing wax-in-water dispersions\nat two internal phase proportions (low = 5% w/w and high = 20% w/w), using the same ratio of\nsurfactant system and preservatives. The coarse dispersions were subjected to ultrahigh pressure\nhomogenization (UHPH), and thermal stability assays for 4 weeks were carried out, where changes\nin Creaming Index, droplet size, polydispersity, viscosity, zeta potential, conductivity, and pH were\nevaluated. The results showed that Otoba wax has a required HLB value around 9 and is mainly\ncomposed of lauric (~35%) and myristic (~45%), which have been reported to improve the condition\nof hair loss. Regarding the development on SLNs, it was found that the internal phase concentration\ndid not considerably affect the physicochemical and microbiological properties. Likewise, it was\nfound that UHPH enabled the production of SLNs with particle sizes <200 nm, low polydispersity\n(<0.3), high zeta potential values, and suitable physical and microbiological stability. Therefore,\nOtoba wax has potential for the development of SLNs applicable to cosmetic formulations, especially\nfor hair products....
Several resorcinol derivatives were synthesized and their effects on the survival rate of B16\nmurine melanoma cells, melanin production, and tyrosinase activity were investigated with an aim to\nevaluate their skin whitening effect. Twelve resorcinol derivatives were synthesized by esterification\nwith three functional groups (L-ascorb-6-yl, ethyl, and glyceryl) linked via four alkyl chains of varying\nlengths (n = 2â??5) at the 4-position. The structures of the 12 resorcinol derivatives were confirmed by\nNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The derivatives were added to B16 murine melanoma cells and\nthe melanin contents in the cells and culture medium were measured. To measure the tyrosinase\nactivity, the substrate L-DOPA was added to a mushroom-derived tyrosinase solution, and the\ninhibition of the tyrosinase activity was determined. At 10 microM, the resorcinol derivatives did not\naffect the survival of the B16 murine melanoma cells, but the melanin content was reduced. At 1 microM,\nthe derivatives significantly inhibited the tyrosinase activity in the mushroom-derived tyrosinase\nsolution. A plot of the inhibitory effect on melanin production against the cLogP value for each\nresorcinol derivative indicated that the highest inhibition occurred at a cLogP value of approximately\n2. Therefore, these resorcinol derivatives are expected to serve as effective skin whitening agents....
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