Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Abstract: The main modalities for gastric cancer screening are limited to upper gastrointestinal\nendoscopy and contrast radiography. The former is invasive, and the latter has high false-negative\nrates. Thus, alternative diagnostic strategies are required. One solution may be a liquid biopsy.\nMethylated RUNX3 is a well-known biomarker of gastric cancer but it is very difficult to detect with\nconventional bisulfite-based methylation assays when only a small amount of serum is available. We\ndeveloped the combined restriction digital PCR (CORD) assay, a new methylation assay allowing\nfor the counting of as little as one copy of a methylated gene in a small sample of DNA without\nnecessitating DNA bisulfite treatment. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the serum DNA\ntesting of methylated RUNX3 by the CORD assay for the detection of early gastric cancer using 50\npatients with early gastric cancer and 61 control individuals. The CORD assay had a sensitivity of\n50.0% and a specificity of 80.3% for early gastric cancer. Methylated RUNX3 copies were significantly\nassociated with tumor size, massive submucosal invasion, and lymph-vascular invasion. After the\ntreatment, the median number of methylated RUNX3 copies was significantly decreased. The CORD\nassay may provide an alternative screening strategy to detect even early-stage gastric cancer....
Abstract: DNA methylation analysis of full void urine and urine pellet seems promising for bladder\ncancer (BC) detection and surveillance. Urinary cell-free DNA from urine supernatant is now\ngaining interest for other molecular tests in BC. This study aims to evaluate which urine fraction is\npreferred for BC diagnosis using methylation markers: full void urine, urine pellet or supernatant.\nMethylation levels of nine markers were determined in the three urine fractions and correlated with\ntheir respective tumor tissues in BC patients and compared to controls. For all markers and marker\npanel GHSR/MAL, diagnostic performance was determined by calculating the area under the curve\n(AUC) of the respective receiver operating characteristic curves. For most of the markers, there was\na significant correlation between the methylation levels in each of the urine fractions and the\nmatched tumor tissues. Urine pellet was the most representative fraction. Generally, AUCs for BC\ndiagnosis were comparable among the fractions. The highest AUC was obtained for GHSR/MAL in\nurine pellet: AUC 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.73â??1.00), corresponding to a sensitivity of 78.6%\nand a specificity of 91.7%. Our results demonstrate that cellular and cell-free DNA in urine can be\nused for BC diagnosis by urinary methylation analysis. Based on our comparative analysis and for\npractical reasons, we recommend the use of urine pellet....
Abstract: The shortcomings of standard plasma-separation methods limit the point-of-care application\nof microfluidics in clinical facilities and at the patientâ??s bedside. To overcome the limitations of this\ninconvenient, laborious, and costly technique, a new plasma-separation technique and device were\ndeveloped. This new separation method relies on immunological capture and filtration to exclude cells\nfrom plasma, and is convenient, easy to use, and cost-effective. Most of the RBCs can be captured and\nimmobilized by antibody which coated in separation matrix, and residue cells can be totally removed\nfrom the sample by a commercially plasma purification membranes. A 400 MicroL anti-coagulated whole\nblood sample with 65% hematocrit (Hct) can be separated by the device in 5 min with only one pipette.\nUp to 97% of the plasma can be recovered from the raw blood sample with a separation efficiency\nat 100%. The recovery rate of small molecule compounds, proteins, and nucleic acid biomarkers is\nevaluated; there are no obvious differences from the centrifuge method. The results demonstrate that\nthis method is an excellent replacement for traditional plasma preparation protocols....
Abstract: Background: Saliva, the most readily available body fluid, is the product of genes which\nare in constant activity throughout life. Measurement of saliva can predict the onset of some diseases\nyears before their accumulation in vulnerable tissues causes clinical signs to appear. The purpose of\nthis study was is to demonstrate current applications of saliva analysis and to predict and prevent\ndisease progression. Methods: We measured levels of Abeta42, C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and\ntumornecrosis factors (TNFs) in saliva from both healthy and fatal diseased cases such as cancer,\nAlzheimerâ??s disease (AD), and coronary heart disease by ELISA-mediated techniques. We also\nimmunostained human tissue sections with antibodies specific to these proteins to demonstrate the\ndata are comparable. Results: We found all the proteins expressed constantly in saliva from healthy\ncontrols but increased in diseased cases. This was accompanied by data from immunohistochemistry.\nIt was also found that these proteins wereexpressed in high amounts in some healthy controls, which\nreflects high risk for the onset of diseases such as AD and heart diseases.Conclusions: It is concluded\nthat measuring changes in essential gene products in saliva can predict onset of fatal diseases and\nopen the door to effective protection measures, thus preventing premature death....
Abstract: Delafloxacin (DLX) is a recently-approved fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is recommended\nfor the treatment of â??acute bacterial skin and skin structure infectionsâ?. A thorough literature survey\nrevealed only a single published method for the estimation of DLX using UPLC-MS/MS technique in\nbiological samples. There is no high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been\nreported for the estimation of DLX in dosage forms and/or biological samples. Therefore, a selective,\nsensitive, rapid and validated HPTLC-densitometry technique has been used for the estimation of DLX in\nhuman plasma for the first time. HPTLC quantification of DLX and internal standard (IS; gatifloxacin)\nwas carried out on glass coated silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using the ternary mixture of ethyl\nacetate:methanol:ammonia solution 5:4:2.................
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