Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2021 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: EEG is one of the most sensitive instrumental techniques for\nidentifying sepsis-related neurological complications and a valuable tool in\nthe ICU when clinical assessment is difficult. Aim of the Study: To detect\nEEG changes in neonates with evidence of sepsis. Patients and Methods:\nThis was a prospective observational study for detecting EEG changes in cases\nof proven neonatal sepsis. This study was conducted at the NICU of Al Zahraa\nUniversity Hospital for a period from October 2019 to March 2020. Our\nstudied neonates were 50. This study included full-term newborns (37 to 42\nweeks of gestational age) with clinical and laboratory evidence of sepsis (early\nand late onset). Neonatal birth asphyxia, jaundice, congenital malformations,\nsuspected inborn error of metabolism and neonates electrolytes disturbances\nwere excluded from the study. We record EEG changes during 20 min By an\nelectroencephalogram (EEG) with abioelectric amplifier (Deltamed, Bourgogne),\n(Philips) Screen. Results: Among our studied neonates (neonates\nwith evidence sepsis), 44.0% developed clinical seizures, 81% of the seizures\ngroup had abnormal EEG, 35.7% of No seizures group had abnormal EEG.\nAmong our studied neonates, 56% had abnormal EEG EEG abnormalities\nwere as follow, 26%/ had low voltage, 30% had spikes, 22% had sharp waves.\nConclusion: About 35% (one third) of neonates who didnâ??t develop clinical\nseizures had abnormal EEG, suggesting a poor correlation between clinical\nand electroencephalographic detection of seizures....
Background: Enterobacter cloacae species is responsible for nosocomial outbreaks in vulnerable patients in\nneonatal intensive care units (NICU). The environment can constitute the reservoir and source of infection in NICUs.\nHerein we report the impact of preventive measures implemented after an Enterobacter cloacae outbreak inside a\nNICU.\nMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in one level 3 NICU in Lyon, France, over a 6 year-period (2012â??\n2018). After an outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae infections in hospitalized neonates in 2013, several measures were\nimplemented including intensive biocleaning and education of medical staff. Clinical and microbiological\ncharacteristics of infected patients and evolution of colonization/infection with Enterobacter spp. in this NICU were\nretrieved. Moreover, whole genome sequencing was performed on 6 outbreak strains.\nResults: Enterobacter spp. was isolated in 469 patients and 30 patients developed an infection including 2\nmeningitis and 12 fatal cases. Preventive measures and education of medical staff were not associated with a\nsignificant decrease in patient colonisation but led to a persistent decreased use of cephalosporin in the NICU.\nInfection strains were genetically diverse, supporting the hypothesis of multiple hygiene defects rather than the\ndiffusion of a single clone.\nConclusions: Grouped cases of infections inside one setting are not necessarily related to a single-clone outbreak\nand could reveal other environmental and organisational problematics. The fight against implementation and\ntransmission of Enterobacter spp. in NICUs remains a major challenge....
Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the primary causes of neonatal morbidity\nand mortality especially in developing countries. Despite the availability\nof different preventive interventions, in Kenya, the burden of neonatal sepsis\nremains critically high. Aim: To determine the prevalence and predictors\nof neonatal sepsis among newborns admitted at the newborn unit of Kenyatta\nNational Hospital, Kenya. Methods: This is a hospital-based, cross-sectional\nstudy design carried out among 196 neonates and their mothers at the new\nborn unit of Kenyatta National Hospital. A systematic random sampling\ntechnique was employed to select the study subjects. Data on the possible\ncontributing factors of neonatal sepsis was collected using a semi-structured\nquestionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package\nfor the Social Sciences (SPSS: version 22). Data were descriptively analyzed\ninto frequencies and proportions. The chi-square test of independence\nand binary logistic regression were employed to determine associations between\nthe dependent (neonatal sepsis) and various independents variables. A\nmultiple logistic regression model was carried out to determine the variables\nindependently contributed to the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Results: Our\nstudy revealed that the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 28.6%. Neonates\nborn of single mothers............................
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is fundamental for the good health and\ndevelopment of the mother and the child. According to the World Health\nOrganization (WHO), breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within\n30 minutes. For a number of reasons, WHO recommendations on guiding\nprinciples for infants and young children feeding are often not followed. Objective:\nTo determine the reasons for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding\nin newly delivered women. Means and Method: We carried out a mixed\ncross-sectional study over a period of six months from December 1st 2018 to\nMay 31st 2019, at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. We\nincluded all mothers with full-term or premature babies..............................
Introduction: Preterm infants are liable to various health problems including\nrespiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is variation in response to respiratory\nsupport. In preterm infants, cortisol hormone is secreted by the adrenocortical\ngland in response to stress. Objectives: To compare the serum\ncortisol levels in blood among preterm infants who needed different respiratory\nsupport strategies e.g. headbox, continuous positive airway pressure\n(CPAP), intubation surfactant extubation (INSURE) and mechanical ventilation\n(MV) and to correlate the cortisol levels to the severity of respiratory\ndistress syndrome (RDS). Material and Methods: Observational prospective\nstudy that assessed the serum cortisol levels in preterm infants with RDS after\ninitial respiratory support aged 28 - 34 gestational weeks that were admitted\nto the neonatal intensive care unit of Al Zahraa hospital of Al-Azhar University\nand Al-Estekama hospital between February 2019 and November 2019.\nInfants were classified into three groups, Group 1: 29 infants with severe RDS\nwho needed a mechanical ventilator. Ten of them needed surfactant therapy.\nGroup 2: 33 infants with moderate RDS who needed CPAP. Three of them\nneeded surfactant therapy. Group 3: 28 infants with symptoms of mild RDS\nwho needed headbox. None of them needed surfactant therapy. Blood samples\nwere collected on the first day of life and were processed using the colorimetric\nELISA method. Demographic and medical information was collected.\nResults: A total of 90 preterm infants were included..........................
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