Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 12 Articles
The use of traditional medicine from plants still remain as the novel source of structurally important compounds that lead to the development of innovative drugs. India has about 45,000 plant species among which medicinal property has been attributed to several thousands. The traditional Indian system of medicine, the Ayurveda, mentions the use of plants in the treatment of various diseased conditions.Ethnobotanical research done in last few decades have revealed the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of plants cited in the traditional literature. Many herbal preparations are being prescribed as anti-inflammatory and analgesic in the traditional literature. The search for new anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents from the huge array of medicinal plant resources is intensifying. This is because such taxa may hold assurance for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents capable of suppressing, reducing or relieving pain as well as inflammation. This reviews such plant species and their products that have shown experimental or clinical anti-inflammatory or analgesic activities, the possible mechanism of action and their therapeutic value. Some of the important taxa which are found effective as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents are Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Bosewellia serrata Roxb., Callophyllum inophyllum L., Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br., Calotropis procera (Ak.) R.Br., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz., Cannabis sativa L., Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Curcuma longa L., Euphorbia heterophylla L., Gastrodia elata Blume, Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC,Kalanchoe crenata Andr., Mangifera indica L., Mesua ferrea L., Plumeria accuminata W.T. Aiton., Ricinus communis Linn., Salix alba L., Sida cordifolia L., Sylibium marianum L., Spillanthes acmella Murr, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC, U. guianensis, J.F.Gmel and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. These plants have shown varying degrees of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities....
The objectives of this study were conducted to investigate the anticancer activity of Nelumbo nucifera leaves of different extracts. Invitro anticancer activity expressed the percentage growth inhibition of HBL-100 cell lines and HT-29 cell line by different extract of Nelumbo nucifera in different concentration. The anticancer activity of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves were measured in EAC animals and compared with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) at a dose level of 20mg/kg body weight as a standard. Among all the extracts, Acetone extract of Nelumbo nucifera exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HBL-100. HT-29 cell lines were found to be sensitive to HBL-100. The in-vivo studies demonstrate that the acetonic extract of Nelumbo nucifera increased the life span and showed cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and restored the altered haematological parameters....
This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of -oryzanol rich extracts from\r\nThai glutinous purple rice bran. Five purple rice bran samples, PAH E-KAW, GAM PEUAK, NIAW DAM,\r\nGAM THOR and GAM BOUNG were obtained from local glutinous cultivars in Northern Thailand. The -\r\noryzanol rich extracts were prepared by soxhlet extraction and semi-purified by column\r\nchromatography. The extracts contained -oryzanol in the range of 1.23 to 9.14% w/w. The extracts\r\ncontaining more than 5% w/w of -oryzanol (PAH E-KAW, GAM THOR and GAM BOUNG) were selected\r\nfor investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; and first standardized by adding the\r\nequivalent amount of each extract to give 10% w/v -oryzanol. All of extracts exerted moderate ABTS+\r\nand superoxide anion scavenging activity. GAM BOUNG exhibited the highest ABTS+ scavenging\r\nactivity with VCEAC value of 201.3 1.84 mg L-ascorbic acid/ gram extract, TEAC value of 267.2 2.96\r\nmg Trolox/ gram extract and QEAC value of 137.4 3.41 mg Quercetin/ gram extract followed by PAH EKAW\r\nand GAM THOR, respectively. GAM BOUNG also showed the highest activity on superoxide anion\r\nscavenging at IC50 = 12.56 0.13 g/ml followed by GAM THOR and PAH E-KAW. Furthermore, GAM\r\nBOUNG exhibited a strong inhibition effect on linoleic acid peroxidation (IC50 = 36.79 2.97 g/ml).\r\nAdditionally, all of the extracts showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibitory effect on\r\nnitric oxide (NO) production in combined LPS-IFN--activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells.\r\nGAM BOUNG exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on NO production (IC50 = 29.32 2.21 g/ml),\r\nwithout exerting cytotoxicity followed by GAM THOR and PAH E-KAW. These results indicate that -\r\noryzanol rich extracts from Thai glutinous purple rice bran are acting as a lipophilic radical scavenger\r\nbetter than a hydrophilic radical scavenger. Moreover, these extracts exert a potent anti-inflammatory\r\nactivity....
The Purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate alcoholic and aqueous extracts of bark, seeds, leaves and roots of Acacia nilotica Linn (AN) through oral glucose tolerance and hypoglycemic activities. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was investigated in glucose loaded rats and hypoglycemic activity was assessed in fasted normal rats at same dose level of 200 mg kg-1 respectively. The activities were compared with standard drug Glibenclamide (0.1 mg kg-1). The alcoholic bark extract showed marked reduction in blood glucose level of 42.41% in glucose loaded rats and 37.82% in fasted normal rats. Administration of alcoholic bark extract to glucose loaded/normal fasted rats caused significant (P<0.001) decrease in glucose level next to it is bark aqueous extract followed by alcoholic and aqueous extract of seed, leaves and roots. The study explains the basis for use of plant extract as food adjuvant to lower blood glucose level....
There is increasing interest in natural food colorants like carotenoids and anthocyanins with functional properties. Red sorghum bran is known as a rich source for anthocyanins. The anthocyanin contents extracted from red sorghum bran were evaluated by biochemical analysis. Among the three solvent system used, the acidified methanol extract showed a highest anthocyanin content (4.7?mg/g of sorghum bran) followed by methanol (1.95?mg/g) and acetone (1?mg/g). Similarly, the highest total flavonoids (143?mg/g) and total phenolic contents (0.93?mg/g) were obtained in acidified methanol extracts than methanol and acetone extracts. To study the health benefits of anthocyanin from red sorghum bran, the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by biochemical and molecular methods. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in acidified methanol extracts of anthocyanin in dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity of the red sorghum bran was directly related to the total anthocyanin found in red sorghum bran....
To evaluate CNS depression, anxiolytic and anti-epileptic activity of methanolic extract of Trichosanthus dioca (METD) in experimental animals. CNS depression activity of METD (300mg/kg, p.o.) was measured using open field behavior model using diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o) as a reference standard. Anxiolytic activity was performed using elevated plus maze model using diazepam (2mg/kg, p.o.) as a reference standard. The anti-epileptic activity of METD (300mg/kg, p.o.) was performed using MES model using Phenytoin (25mg/kg, p.o.) as a reference standard. In open field model MELTD showed significant reduction in no. of square crossed (21 ± 10.06) and no. of rearing (6.25 ± 1.93) as compared to control (68 ± 15.74, 15.75 ± 2.49) (p< 0.05). In elevated plus maze model METD showed significant increased in time spent in open arm (109.75 ± 6.38) as compared to control (69 ± 8.58). In MES model METD showed significant decreased in extension, stupor and total recovery as compared to control. Methanolic extract of Trichosanthus dioca fruit showed significant CNS depression, anxiolytic and anti-epileptic activity in experimental animals....
Pteris vittata L. a lithophytic pteridophyte is evaluated for its antihyperglycemic activity on alloxan induced Sprague Dawley rats. Diabetes has emerged to be a major health problem with high frequency in the present population of the world, with myriads of chronic complications which results in the prominence of finding alternative drugs that have insulinotropic effect with minimum detrimental side effects. In the present study two extracts obtained from polar solvents viz. aqueous and ethanolic is studied which showed almost 77% and 72% decrease in the plasma glucose levels respectively in the experimental animal at an interval of 21 days. The effects of the extracts on lipid profile, kidney functioning and liver glycogen is also assessed which further supported Pteris vittata L. to possess potent hypoglycemic potential without any detrimental side effects on vital organs....
Antifungal potential of water, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves and pits of Phoenix dactylifera L.\nvar. Barhee and Rothana were evaluated against seven pathogenic fungi. For assessing the antifungal\nactivity, agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods were employed. Barring the water extracts,\nacetone and methanol extracts showed varying degree of growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum,\nFusarium sp., Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp. and Trichoderma\nsp. Methanol pits extract was highly effective against most of the tested fungi followed by methanol\nleaves extract, acetone pits and acetone leaves extract. The most sensitive fungus was A. alternata, its\ngrowth inhibition was maximum (51.6%) by methanol pits extract of var. Barhee. 50% inhibitory effect\n(IC50) of methanol pits extract of var. Barhee against F. oxysporum, F. solani, Fusarium sp., A. alternata\nand Alternaria sp. was found to be 6.7, 4.9, 3.4, 2.8 and 3.7 mg/ml, respectively....
12 plant species traditionally used by the Mapuche people in Chile to treat wounds and inflammations have been evaluated for their direct blood platelet inhibition. Seven of the 12 tested plant species showed platelet inhibitory effect in sheep blood, and four of these were also able to inhibit the ADP- (5.0?�µM) and collagen- (2.0?�µg/mL) induced aggregations in human blood. These four species in respective extracts (in brackets) were Blechnum chilense (MeOH), Luma apiculata (H2O), Amomyrtus luma (DCM?:?MeOH 1?:?1) and Cestrum parqui (DCM?:?MeOH 1?:?1). The platelet aggregating inhibitory effects of A. luma (DCM?:?MeOH 1?:?1), and L. apiculata (H2O) were substantial and confirmed by inhibition of platelet surface activation markers....
Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. The recent resurgence of plant remedies resulted from several factors, such as effectiveness of plant medicines and lesser side effects compared with modern medicines. This review gives an account of the current knowledge on the morphology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological aspects of Cassia tora Linn. Although review articles on this plant are already published, but this review article is presented to compile all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed widely by different methods. Cassia tora Linn (Family- Caesalpiniaceae) commonly known Charota in Hindi, Foetid Cassia in English has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like antiproliferative, hypolipidemic, immunostimulatory, anticancerous, antimutagenic and hepatoprotective activity etc. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly anthraquinones, chrysophanol, emodin, rhein, euphol, basseol etc. These studies reveal that Cassia tora Linn is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects. These studies will be helpful to create interest toward Cassia tora Linn and may be useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic and to provide a direction for further research....
Herbal tea can be use for therapeutic or nutritional purposes, depending on the chemical constituents\npresent. This study aims at evaluating phytochemical, physicochemical parameters and elemental\ncontents of herbal teas commonly consumed in Nigeria. Level of essential and toxic metals in medicinal\nplants is a matter of great concern all over the world. Six different brands of herbal teas were analysed\nin this study. Phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpenoids,\nsaponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and phlobatannins, while the physicochemical\nparameters which includes moistures content, ash, water extractive and alcohol extractive matter\nvalues ranges from 7.55 to 21.20, 5.52 to 9.28, 8.86 to 14.80 and 4.22 to 7.05%, respectively. Atomic\nabsorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for the elemental analysis of different teas in which the\ncontent ranges from 0.83 to 2.63, 3.28 to 5.96, 7.45 to 86.67, 0.53 to 2.85 and 1.11 to 9.73 �µg/g for\nchromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), respectively. The outcome of this\nstudy serves as an important contribution to knowledge in establishing quality parameters for the\nstandardization of herbal tea in Nigeria....
Balacaturbhadrika churna is a renowned Ayurvedic formulation used in pediatric practice. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the role of Balacaturbhadrika churna against experimental induced immunological pleurisy and inflammation in rats to provide scientific evidence for their therapeutic efficacy and substantiate its traditional claim. Balacaturbhadrika churna was prepared as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India and was tested against carrageenan induced paw oedema and triple antigen induced immunological pleurisy (air way inflammation) in albino rats. Balacaturbhadrika churna at dose level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg did not produce significant suppression of carrageenan hind paw oedema in rats. The drug did not affect the volume of pleural fluid indicating it has no effect on the fluid exudation. This is conformity with the observation that it does not have anti-inflammatory activity. However significant decrease in the cell content of the pleural fluid was observed at both dose levels which indicate that it may inhibit the migration of inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation. From the present study, it can be inferred that effects of Balacaturbhadrika churna on air way inflammation mediated through, by interfering with the activation of T-lymphocytes or inhibition of cytokine secretion from lymphocytes....
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