Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 3 Articles
Drugs are a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, diagnose a disease or promote well-being. The drugs are introduced into the market after pre-clinical and clinical trials studies. Pre-clinical studies are carried out in more than two species of experimental animals. Pre-clinical studies used to test the efficacy and possible toxic effects of the drugs. Clinical trials are carried out on healthy volunteers as well as diseased patients in order to safe-guard the health of society. After a series of quality control process only a drug can be released into market. In spite of these tests, some adverse effects of drugs appear after the drug is used in the general population. An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined any noxious or undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Pharmacovigilance is a branch of pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, evaluation, monitoring and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products. If the adverse effects are severe or the risks of using the drug outweigh the benefits, or if the drug is ineffective, either, the country or the drug company may itself voluntarily withdraw the drug from the market. This article collects the information about the banned drugs and reasons of their ban for the benefit of society....
Tuberculosis also known as Phthisis, Consumption, The Great white plague, The robber of youth, is highly infectious disease with an extended history of its occurrence among the Homo sapiens from ages, till now. Since ages it has consumed millions of life and continues to do so in the present times. After the discovery of the infectious agent, i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert Koch a German Bacteriologist, many advances in the medical science related to its pathogenesis, treatment options, prevention have taken into place. No doubt medical research have come long way ahead regarding the chemotherapy for the disease respectively, there still exists a huge challenge in the management of the disease and complete cure with a goal of complete eradication. The fact that the micro-organism rapidly adjusts against the chemotherapeutic agents administered to the infected body, as it multiplies rapidly and grows into an immune colonies against the existing chemotherapeutic agents known as resistant strains, it possess a high degree of challenge to cope with the infection taking in consideration of its high degree of transmissible nature. Therefore, it becomes pre-requisite to write on this review to develop an understanding of the management of tuberculosis which still haunts the medical science and health care practitioners. From normal strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to (MDR) Multi-drug resistance strains, to XDR (Extended Drug Resistance) Tuberculosis and TDR (Total drug resistance) tuberculosis, the management of disease has come to a stage, Square one, i.e., right to an age where their used to exist no cure for the disease. The present review focuses on the history, description of TB, Chemotherapy, Diagnostics, Vaccines present and in trials, Herbal remedies and Current clinical trials happening across globe. India possess huge degree of morbidity and mortality related to the disease, topping the charts globally and acts as great burden on the population compared to other nations. The current review also focuses the clinical trials happening across India in our fight to completely eradicate the disease burden like it did for polio....
An ulcer is disease of epithelial cells of body or organ which represents an open sore in the lining of epithelial cells or deep lesion in the specific region resulting into its degradation thus disrupting the normal physiology of the organ affected. The damage can be to the extent of bleeding, which is commonly known as bleeding sore. Ulcer is known to exist in pre-historic era with, published cases around 3000 BC. Hippocrates the “father of medicine”, (460 - 370 BC), defined ulcer when he first demarcated cancer terming it as carcinos and carcinoma and mentioned it as non-ulcer forming and ulcer forming tumors. The present review focuses on history of ulcer, its types, pathophysiology, Anti-ulcer drugs, Anti-ulcer medicinal plants, diagnostic tests for ulcers and current status of global clinical trials conducted on ulcers. The review is drafted via an exhaustive literature review from popular scientific search engines mainly, pubmed, science-direct, google scholar as well as articles present in google search. Author strongly believes in maintaining proper balanced diet to ward off or restrict the occurrence of ulcer in humans. He also believes that traditional medicines should be researched more and more, followed by inculcating it into modern medical practice for the benefit of homo-sapiens. Traditional medicines or to point out clearly, the medicinal plants have wider range of therapeutic advantages in the proper management of disease, as they have better pharmacological activity along with low incidence of side effects or the adverse effects. Anti-ulcer therapeutics have wider market globally citing the fact of prevalence of ulcers in humans and animals. Medicinal plants also thus have huge market for themselves in our ultimate goal of providing healing touch to the diseases person. Clinical trials are happening around the globe, including India, in their effort to come up with specific therapeutic strategies to deal with ulcers and occurrence of other diseases. Time will be no far, when clinical trials conducted, would help in bringing out clear therapeutic goal to reduce the occurrence of ulcers and better management of this disease to serve the mankind....
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