Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 15 Articles
According to Ayurvedic Systems of Medicine, Abroma augusta Linn. belonging to the family (Malvaceae), was used for treating male sexual dysfunctions, disorders since ancient times. Dependent on Hormonal assay, Body weight, organ weight and histological study of normal male Wister albino rats were investigated and also compared with the test control groups. Animals were divided into one control group (Group I––received saline) and Two experimental groups (Groups II & III). Animals were administered p.o.(per os) with saline or extract once in a day for 14 days. To analyze hormone assay, body weight and sexual organ weights. The extract administered p.o. significantly increased the reproductive behavior of the animals observed. In groups II and III the body weight, testis, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate was significantly increased from that of the controls, after administration of 200 mg or 400 mg doses. Plasma levels of FSH, LH and Testosterone were significantly increased in treatment groups compared to controls (***P<0.001, **P<0.01,) and also Abroma augusta Linn. Treatment showed significantly increased sperm count, sperm motility and spermatogenesis in the treatment group compared with the control group and as per histological data. Therefore, resulting enhanced reproductive functions of the ethanolic extract in male rats....
The presented review summarizes the information concerning the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activity and toxicity of the Brassica nigra plant. This weed has been known to possess analgesic, antibacterial, anti hyperglycaemic, cardiovascular disease, anti cancer activity and anthelmintic activities. A wide range of chemical compounds about 1% sinigrin (allyl¬glucosinolate), a thioglycoside-like compound (a so-calledglucosinolate) of ally isothiocyanate with glucose. By action of the enzyme myrosinase, allyl isothiocyanate, a pungent, lachrymatory and volatile compound, is liberated (0.7% of the dried seed). Besides allyl isothiocyanate, in Romanian Brown Mustard another related compound is found, namely crotonyl isothiocyanate (2-butenylisothiocyanate)....
Neuroprotective effect of Petroleum-ether (PE), Ethyl acetate (EA) and Chloroform fractions (CHCl3) from leaves of Ocimum sanctum (OS) were investigated on 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rodent model of Parkinson disorder (PD). PE, EA and CHCl3 fractions from ethanolic extract of the leaves of OS were pretreated (300 mg/kg) three weeks before unilateral injection of 6-OHDA on 22nd day (10µg/2µl) into the right striatum. The behavioral observations, oxidative biochemical markers, Dopamine D2 receptor binding assay, Quantification of Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry were evaluated after three weeks of leison. Increase in apomorphine-induced rotations and deficits in locomotor activity & muscular coordination due to lesion were significantly restored in EA treated group, PE and CHCl3 fractions leaves of OS. Pretreated animals showed significant protection against neuronal degeneration compared to leison animals by normalizing the deranged levels of biomarkers with EA, PE, and CHCl3 fractions of the leaves of OS. The results were further supported by D2 receptors binding assay, Quantification of DA and its metabolites and TH immunohistochemistry study. Different extract of OS significantly prevented neurodegenration associated with PD in rats. Further, OS annetuated the neuropsychological symptoms associated with animal models of PD. These neuroprotective effects observed with OS can be attributed to its anti-oxidant activity....
Allergic asthma has become an endemic disease of the 21st century. Anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation is always correlated in allergic asthma. In the present study the investigation was carried out to evaluate the anti anaphylactic and mast cell stabilizing activity of Diplazium esculentum .Retz which is commonly known as vegetable fern. In this case the rats were sensitized by conventional method by injecting horse serum and triple antigen. The aqueous extract at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg showed intact mast cells 72.83% and 76.67% and 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of ethanolic extract showed 69% and 71.67% respectively. Both the extracts at two different doses also showed protective activity in invitro passive anaphylaxis. The treatment done by aqueous extract and ethanolic extract also showed marked protection against mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80. To further understand its therapeutic potential the nitric oxide level and Myeloperoxidase activity were monitored which showed significant reduction in the treated groups. The results clearly substantiate the beneficial effects of the vegetable fern, Diplazium esculentum in allergic asthma....
To evaluate the effects of methanolic extract of Opuntia elatior Mill. fruits (MEOEF) for the management of asthma. In the present study, MEOEF at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p. was evaluated for management of asthma using milk induced eosinophilia in mice. The results obtained from present study reveals that treatment with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg MEOEF significantly decrease absolute eosinophil count (AEC) in mice which was sensitized by milk. It can be concluded that MEOEF may be used in asthma due to suppression of milk induced eosinophilia in mice....
Lipid peroxidation is the one of the common part in the oxidative stress of diabetes, which is found in about 40% of diabetics. In the present study, anti-oxidative stress efficacy of Mitrgyna Parvifolia was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effect of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Mitrgyna Parvifolia leaves (50,100, 150 mg/kg body weight) were examined on the levels of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) in liver and kidney tissues of STZ (90 mg/kg body weight in rat pups) induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats, showed significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, which were considerably restored to near normal in Mitrgyna Parvifolia leaves ethanolic extract (95%) treated animals groups. It may be concluded that, Mitrgyna Parvifolia leaves possesses anti-oxidative stress effect, which may be due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and triterpenoids in the extract....
Vitis vinefera belongs to family vitaceae is commonly known as grapevine. It is traditionally claimed to be useful as diuretic, nervine tonic and also used in the treatment of diarrhea, vomiting, liver and kidney disorders. In the present study the 85% ethanolic leaf and stem extracts were screened for nephroprotective activity on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in mice at dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w orally. Leaf and stem extrats of V.vinefera at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w showed significant nephroprotective effect and were comparable to that of standard Cystone1000 mg/kg. However, extracts at dose levels of 200 and 100 mg/kg showed moderate nephroprotective effect. Both leaf and stem extracts showed significant protection as evidenced by the decrease in elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, increase in total protein levels, normalization of antioxidant enzyme levels and improvement of histopathological injury induced by cisplatin. Among leaf and stem extracts, leaf extract showed potent nephroprotective effect than that of stem extract. These results suggest that V.vinefera (flame seedless) possess good nephroprotective effect thus justifying the traditional claims in the management of nephrotoxicity....
The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Ananus sativus (pineapple) against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) and Paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The pineapple juice (2ml/kg or 4ml/kg) was administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4 and Paracetamol. Silymarin (10mg/kg) was given as reference standard. Pineapple juice was effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced byCCL4 and Paracetamol in rats. This was evident from significant reduction in serum enzymes SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetate transminase), SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvate transminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and Billirubin. It was concluded from the results that Ananus sativus possesses hepatoprotective activity against CCL4and Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats....
The study was aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential of bark of Acacia nilotica Linn (AN) extracts and its fractions to exhibit their reducing ability. The maximum activity with IC50 values of 18.88 µg/ml for DPPH, 19.02 µg/ml for NO, 18.86 µg/ml for ABTS, 20.74 µg/ml for superoxide, 21.18 µg/ml for iron chelation respectively could be scavenged by ethyl acetate fraction of bark of Acacia nilotica Linn. The data obtained in present study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidant activity against free radicals. ....
The study was aimed to evaluation of the anticancer activity of whole plants Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia tirucalli and Euphorbia Neriifolia extract on the B16F10 melanoma cell line. All the plants were extracted in methanol and were tested for its inhibitory effect on B16F10 melanoma cell line. The percentage viability of the cell line was carried out by using Trypan blue dye exclusion method. The cytotoxicity of all the plants on B16F10 melanoma cell line was evaluated by the SRB assay and MTT assay. All the plants showed significant cytotoxicity effect on B16F10 melanoma cell line in concentration range between 10 μl to 1000 μl by using SRB and MTT assay. IC50 value and R2 value of Euphorbia Neriifolia Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia tirucalli methanolic extract on B16F10 melanoma cell line were 198.26, 185.41, 20.10 and 0.710, 0.664, 0.072 respectively by SRB assay. IC50 value and R2 value of Euphorbia Neriifolia Euphorbia hirta and Euphorbia tirucalli methanolic extract on B16F10 melanoma cell line were 212.78, 240.98, 237.07 and 0.762, 0.863, 0.849 respectively by MTT assay. From the performed assay, methanolic extract of all these three plants showed significant activity on B16F10 melanoma cell and that means all of them can be used as anticancer agent....
Erythrina variegata Linn of the family leguminaceae is a medium sized deciduous small tree. The leaves are used in fever, inflammation and joint pain. The juice of the leaves is used in earache, toothache, constipation, cough, and also known to stimulate lactation and menstruation. Different parts of E.Variegata have used in traditional medicine as nervine sedative, febrifuge, anti-asthmatic and antiepileptic. This study was under taken to evaluate the local anesthetic activity of the aqueous extract of E.variegata by plexus anesthesia in frogs. The mean onsets of anaesthesia were found with the test drug was 6.67 ± 0.33 min compared to 2.75 ± 0.33 min for the standard drug in plexus anesthesia model. The results revealed the significant local anesthetic activity with the control group....
Methanol extracts and fractions of Melia azedarach (A. Juss) and Khaya senegalensis (Ders) A. Juss stem bark and leaf (Meliaceae) was evaluated on the larvae of Anopheles gambiae the principal malaria vector for toxicity and growth inhibition. Out of the four crude methanol extracts screened the leaf of M. azedarach and stem bark of K. senegalensis were toxic to the larva. The hexane soluble fraction of M. azedarach displayed absolute mortality at 0.625 mg/mL with an LC50 value of 0.025 mg/mL; likewise hexane soluble fraction of K. senegalensis was less active on larva with an LC50 value of 0.081 mg/mL. The hexane fractions of both plants displayed overwhelming activities compared with the reference compound N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamid (DEET) which had an LC50 of value of 1.09 mg/mL. Larval exposed to M. azedarach extract did not develop into pupa. On the other hand, development was minimal when exposed to K. senegalensis extract....
Inflammation is one of the underlying mechanisms in several chronic disease conditions like coronary artery disease, asthma, Alzheimer’s, arthritis and some cancers. In the present study the formulation chosen is a classical polyherbal preparation (Rasnadi Guggul) containing ingredients of plant and mineral origin. The study involved the pharmacological validation. The pharmacological evaluation involved acute models i.e. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema. In the Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model, the 250 mg/kg dose of the formulation showed significant activity (P<0.001) at the end of fifth and fourth hour respectively. Prolonged effects of the formulation were studied using cotton pellet granuloma. The efficacy of the formulation in the cotton pellet granuloma model was comparable to that of the positive control (P<0.001). Thus, it can be concluded that this preparation showed significant anti-inflammatory activity....
The study was designed to investigate the possible actions of alcoholic extract from bark of Acacia nilotica Deile on antidiabetic activity and antioxidant defense in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The alcoholic extract were further fractionated through solvent-solvent fractionation and the effect of sub fractions ethyl acetate, n butanol and remaining aqueous fraction were also investigated. The blood level was measured according to glucose oxidase method. Glibenclamide was used as reference drug at dose of five mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic effect of ethyl acetate fraction was accompanied by significant decrease in blood glucose levels and brought serum lipids to almost normal in diabetic rats. The ethyl acetate fraction possessed maximum capability to inhibit the lipid peroxidation, increase glycogen content and activate the antioxidant enzymes. Based on these results, it was observed that treatment with ethyl acetate fraction of Acacia nilotica for 21 days at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight protects from oxidative stress induced by alloxan in rats and thus helps in evaluation of the traditional claim on this plant....
Tamarindus indica L. commonly known as Tamarind is widely used as a traditional medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus beside its antihepatotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the influence of Tamarind seed on diabetic hypertension and mechanisms involved in antioxidant and hypolipidemic action was not evaluated so far. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of aqueous extract of Tamarind seeds (TSE) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic hypertension superimposed by deoxycorticosterone salt (DOCA) in unilateral nephrectomised rats. Diabetic hypertension was produced by administration of single dose of STZ (90 mg/kg, i. p.) to 2 day old neonatal rat followed by unilateral nephrectomy and DOCA injection (40 mg/kg once a week; s.c; for 4 weeks) after 6 weeks of diabetic screening. Graded doses of TSE (120 and 240 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks showed a significant reduction in blood pressure (BP systolic, diastolic, and mean), heart rate, serum low density lipoproteins (LDL), cholesterol and improvement in high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels. TSE significantly increased antioxidant enzyme level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione. The extract significantly decreased elevated levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) in diabetic hypertensive rats. In conclusion, the data in present study reveals that TSE posses moderate antihypertensive action and this activity may be through sympathoinhibition rather than a direct action on vascular smooth muscle, also the antioxidant property of the extract leads to lowering of lipid load which might contribute to its hypotensive effect....
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