Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2010 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 12 Articles
Gliclazide is a hypoglycemic agent used widely as monotherapy. It stimulates insulin secretion from functional pancreatic beta-cells and increases the sensitivity of the beta-cells to a glucose stimulus. The presence of a number of amino groups allows chitosan to react chemically with anionic systems, which results in alteration of physicochemical characteristics of such combinations. Chitosan may be processed into drug delivery systems using several techniques including spray-drying, coacervation, direct compression, and conventional granulation processes. The method used is ionic gelation method. The different ratio of drug and polymer were used. Chitosan was dissolved in acetic aqueous solution (1 mg/ml). 0.5 %w/v of Tween 80 was added to the chitosan solution as a suspending agent, to prevent particle aggregation while stirring at 25oC, 4 ml TPP aqueous solution with various concentrations (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mg/ml) was added into 15 ml chitosan/drug solution, respectively. The in-vivo mucoadhesion study was carried out by fluorescence probe method. The formulation with drug: polymer ratio 1:2 was the best formulation as seen by the various evaluation parameters. Drug interaction studies have also revealed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients....
For most patients with type 1 diabetes, the worst part of the disease is tolerate needle after needle, both for glucose measurement and to deliver insulin. These review article discusses, in brief the novel and emerging technologies that are insulin pills, Insulin analogues, insulin complement, implantable insulin pump and disposable insulin jewel pump. Relatively, a large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2. Insulin administration is essential for type 1 patients while it is required at later stage by the patients of type 2. Current insulin delivery systems are available as transdermal injections which may be considered as invasive. Several non-invasive approaches for insulin delivery are being pursued by pharmaceutical companies to reduce the pain, and hypoglycemic incidences associated with injections in order to improve patient compliance, while any novel insulin delivery system requires health authority’s approval, to provide long term safety profile and insuring patient’s acceptance. In the last two decades, concept of insulin therapy by multiple dose injection has undergone a miraculous change. Needle-free insulin delivery appeared to be a wonderful approach, and its al lure rested in being comfortable and safe. In today's era, insulin delivery by alternative route is a topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery system. Major global pharmaceutical companies are showing encouraging progress in their attempts to develop alternative insulin delivery technologies....
The literature reveals the wide applicability of effervescent system in different fields of pharmaceutical science. The effervescent system has established its superiority over other dosage forms where an active ingredient suffers either from bitter taste, low water solubility, low bioavailability or need faster onset of action. Recent trends of patient oriented practice demand design of patient oriented dosage form to achieve patient compliance and better drug release profile. The number of formulation related factors contributes to non-compliance and inadequate drug release profile. Hence, there is a need to design patient oriented drug delivery system. Effervescent tablets are ideal ones to improve the patient compliance. In this review, we will discuss mainly the market status, patent study, excipients used, evaluation techniques, stability considerations and biopharmaceutical aspects of effervescent tablet....
Ofloxacin is used for the management of as broad-spectrum antibiotic so effective against of gram positive and negative bacteria. The design of the delivery was based on the sustained release formulation with floating and swelling features in order to prolong gastric retention time of the drug delivery systems. Therefore, the present investigation was concerned with the development of the floating matrix tablets, which after oral administration were designed to prolong the gastric residence time by floating behavior and thus to increase the bioavailability of the drug and its half life. Different polymers such as psyllium husk (natural polymer) and HPMC (hydrophilic polymer) used in formulations. Various formulations of dose 200 mg were developed by using release rate controlling polymers like HPMC, gelling agent like psyllium husk and gas generating ingredients like NaHCO3 by wet granulation method. . All the formulations had floating lag time of below 4 min and constantly for longer period of time (more than 12 hrs). Swelling studies indicated significant water uptake which contributed in drug release. Formulation F5 containing 1:1 ratio of HPMC and psyllium husk respectively was the best formulation on basis evaluated parameter. The best formulations followed power law kinetics while the drug release mechanism was found to be anomalous type, diffusion through the honeycomb network and polymer relaxation. Thus, best formulations satisfied physicochemical parameters, floating time and in vitro drug release profile requirements for FDDs....
In the present study an attempt has been made to prepare oral herbal tablet of Kalanchoe pinnata and Rotula aquatica. The tablets were prepared with three super disintegrate i. e. crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, cros-linled sodium carmellose, binder i.e. poly vinyl pyrolidine. The blend was examined for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and hausner�s ratio. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, friability and were found satisfactory. The disintegration time was also tested. Such evaluation has unique position in development of oral herbal tablet formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata and Rotula aquatica....
The objective of the present study was to develop the extended release film coated tablets of Divalproex sodium to mask the foul taste of divalproex sodium, improve the product stability and to modulate the release properties. In the present study extended release tablet of Divalproex sodium was prepared by using wet granulation method. Different formulations were made by using two release rate controlling polymer like HPMC K100M CR and HPMC K15M CR and finally tablets were made film coated by using specific coating polymer. All the Prepared formulations were evaluated for the physical characteristics, in vitro dissolution and stability at 40�°C/ 75% RH for three months. The release of Divalproex sodium from the film coated tablet for a period up to 18 hrs was recorded in controlled manner. The model for analysis of formulation DF5 fitted showed that the release of Divalproex sodium follows zero order kinetics (R2= 0.987) which suggested that the drug release was constant with time up to 18 hrs....
The present investigation is a trial made to formulate sustained release matrix tablets of Ambroxol hydrochloride and study the effect of natural hydrophilic polymers like gum karaya, guar gum on in vitro release performance alone and in combination with guar gum using different drug: polymer ratios, by wet granulation technique. The prepared granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, compressibility index, Hauser ratio and drug content. All the lubricated formulations were compressed using 7mm flat faced punches. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics like thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release kinetics and swelling index. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility and drug content. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmaco technical properties. In vitro release studies show that gum karaya alone unable to protect drug from immediate release. Hence trials made with combination of guar gum , these gums get hydrated, swells and form a thick gel structure which prevents the immediate release of the drug. The optimized Ambroxol hydrochloride matrix tablets F6 (1:2) were subjected to short term stability studies at 45°C with 75% RH for 45 days revealed that no significant differences in physical appearance, drug content, dissolution, T50, and T90 were found....
Tramadol HCl is a centrally acting opioid analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain in diverse conditions. Combined with low dependence/abuse potential, it has proven to be of significant advantage over other agents, especially in the elderly. Tramadol, is used in acute conditions like postoperative neuralgia or situations when the patient is hospitalized and to treat pain following orthopaedic and gynaecological procedures, including cesarean section. In that condition most of the patients facing problem of swallowing and the patient also need quick onset of action hence Orodispersible tablet of Tramadol HCl is the best option. In present work attempts have been made to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets of Tramadol HCl by using different natural (Plantago ovata mucilage and Sodium alginate) and synthetic superdisintegrants (Crospovidone and Sodium starch glycolate) in different concentration (2, 4, 6 %). Orodispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The Prepared tablets were evaluated for Weight variation, Friability, Hardness, Thickness & diameter, Uniformity of Drug Content, In-vitro disintegration test, Wetting time, in-vitro dispersion time, in-vitro dissolution study. Formulation F6 prepared from Plantago ovata mucilage (6%) was found to be optimized formulation showed the disintegration time 21 sec, wetting time 20 sec, in-vitro dispersion time 19 sec also the drug was completely released within 5 minutes and the formulation F6 passes tests of weight variation, friability, drug content. Accelerated stability study was done on optimized formulation and the study indicated slight acceptable difference in evaluation parameters....
The objective of present investigation was to evaluate the starches of banana as the disintegrating agent for pharmaceutical dosage forms. Banana starches are the cheap, easily available and found useful as tablet disintegrates. No significant work has been reported on banana starch to use it as tablet disintegrates. Tablets were prepared with banana starch(Musa AAB) and evaluated for tablet characteristics. Wet granulation technique has been used for the preparation of Ambroxol granules. The concentration of the starch used in the formulation of tablet was 10% w/w. In this 5% w/w concentration for before granulation and other 5 % w/w for after granulation. The tablets were compressed to hardness at about 4-4.5 kg/cm2. The evaluation, tablet showed 0.9 % friability, 5-10 minute disintegration time, more than 75 % dissolution in 90min. The banana starch was found to be useful for the preparation of uncoated tablet dosage forms....
“Poison kills the poison” the famous proverb is the basis for researchers in finding the biomedical metabolites from living organism. Sea has got plenty of metabolites and other resources in living or dead form of sponges (37%) coelenterates (21%) and macro organisms (18%) are the major sources of biomedical compounds followed by algae (9%), echinoderm (6%), tunicates (6%), molluscs (2%), broyozoans (1%), etc. The scientists at different parts of world have extracted various drugs for such diseases in recent years. The marine is a major source of toxins, polysaccharides, foods, and agrochemical, which are use by human. The marine ecosystem is a rich and prolific source of anticancer agents (Aeroplysinin, Aplicline Curacin-A), cardiovascular active substances (Anthopleurins, Eptatretin), anti microbial compounds (Aeroplysinin, Thelpin), antibiotic compounds (Variabilin, Ircinin), anti inflammatory, anti-spasmodic agents, anti-parasitic agents, anticoagulants, prostaglandins etc....
The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Some of these are useful to the body.and others may cause infections. Fungi can live on the dead tissues of the hairs, nails. Nail infections usually develop on nails continuously exposed to warm, moist environments. Nail plate is responsible for penetration of drug across it. Number of conventional formulation like gel, cream and also oral antifungals are available. The nail lacquer is a new concept for treating the nail infections.. The main challenge associated with developing nail lacquers treatment for nail disorders is to deliver the active (antifungal) therapeutically effective concentrations to the site of infection, which is often under nail. However possible means to enhance nail penetration must be explored in greater depth before effective local treatments for fungal nail infections are developed. One of the major difficulties in development is lack of proper in vitro methods to measure the extent of drug permeation across the nail plate. Penetration of topical antifungal through the nail plate requires a vehicle that is specifically formulated for transungual delivery. Emphasize is done on development of a promising antifungal treatment in form of nail lacquer owing to its beneficial advantages....
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hydrotrophic solid dispersions of Indomethcin(IND) with hydrotrophic agents like sodium benzoate, urea & citric acid. Solid dispersions were prepared by hydrotrophy method. The prepared solid dispersions were subjected to particle size analysis, solubility analysis,in vitro dissolution , Fourior Infra Red Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry etc. It was observed that dissolution rate of IND enhanced to a great extent by solid dispersion technique using sodium benzoate, Urea and citric acid as hydrotrophic agents....
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