Current Issue : January-March Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
China has established good relations with African countries since the 1950s. In recent years, the investment enthusiasm in Africa has increased steadily in China. The research investigated the investment practice of China in African countries since the reform and opening, presented a general picture of Chinese FDI in African, and identified the status quo of Chinese investment from the perspective of investment volume, country distribution, industry distribution, and market maturity. Issues in policy support system, legal protection system, investment environment investigation, and operation mode are identified and analyzed, based on which corresponding countermeasures are proposed....
The knowledge economy highlights opinions on economics, management, law, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and political science. However, these opinions exclude language and linguistics which are the foundations for any knowledge. Meaning remains pivotal and fundamental in issues of language and communication hence the need to situate a robust study in semantics. In the area of global business, periodic revisions made on the international commercial terms (INCOTERMS) lead to misconceptions, vagueness and misunderstanding of terms in international trade. Moreover, it appears that training in entrepreneur development studies in our higher education lacks sufficient modules of language studies; therefore, the need to examine the import of meaning in the knowledge economy. This situation justifies the need for this study. Data was elicited from concepts in certain sectors of global trade, where one hundred lexical items were presented to 20 graduate students and 30 undergraduate students in the Entrepreneurial Development Studies (EDS) class of Covenant University. The use of a questionnaire to elicit the respondents’ semantic understanding of key concepts in business enabled the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches of analysis. The methodological framework is the Business Semantics Management by Pieter De Leenheer (2009) that organises business stakeholders to fashion out meaning....
US Dollar (USD) is the most dominant currency encompassing 59.54% of the world reserve currency. Euro is the second one, which holds 20.57% share of world reserve currency. The recent studies reveal that the USD might not be the dominant world reserve currency in the future. Euro as a common regional currency is the only competitor of USD, which shows the strength of a unified regional currency. In 1981, the six rich oil states formed Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC); the countries include the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the State of Qatar, the Sultanate of Oman, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. This establishment of GCC signifies the close cultural, economic and political link between the GCC countries. GCC countries have almost all essential ingredients required to establish a common currency area or monetary union. The researcher applied the European Monetary Union (EMU) model to GCC states to find out the feasibility of a common currency or monetary union between GCC states. Currently, EMU is the only example of successful implementation of common regional currency founded on Mundell’s theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA). The results obtained indicate that all the GCC states successfully fulfill the Euro criteria which are also called Maastricht criteria. The research has established that GCC countries are ripe for establishing a monetary union, especially if they follow the steps of EMU....
The development of e-commerce transaction has created problems in taxation policy. The tendency of tax avoidance occurs when countries place little attention to mitigate the problem. Most countries, including Indonesia, face the problem of tax avoidance practices as e-commerce practices can bypass States' territorial boundaries. This happened because most of the developing countries, such as Indonesia, are the recipient of the technological advancement in which cross border e-commerce transaction occurs. By using technology, e-commerce companies tend to do a tax avoidance by ignoring a traditional Permanent Establishment model, which inflicts a long-run financial loss for developing countries. This research focuses on the discussion of alternate Permanent Establishment models in facing cross-border e-commerce transaction, which are: Base Erosion Approach, Virtual Permanent Establishment Approach, and Refundable Withholding Approach. By highlighting the models, this research discusses advantages and challenges of each approach to enrich the discussion of cross-border transaction regulatory framework in Indonesia. The research believed that Virtual Permanent Establishment approach is the most suitable for Indonesia, as it can maintain the integrity of international taxation system in effect by redefining PE principle, albeit the challenges in convincing other countries to take part in the negotiation....
The COVID-19 epidemic has disrupted the development of the global economy. Virtually all sectors experienced a negative impact, which forced the transformation of many enterprises. In the case of the ICT sector, new environmental conditions pose a threat but also a development perspective, which forces ICT enterprises to introduce cross-cutting changes within their activities. These changes are not limited to the ICT sector but affect other economic sectors. This is related to the role that the ICT sector plays in creating innovation, building modern business models and new phenomena in the information society. The aim of the article is an attempt to characterize the conditions related to the transformation of ICT companies caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. The first part of the article defines the basic concepts of the ICT sector and characterizes its importance for the development of the economy. Then, against the background of the evolution of the ICT sector, the general characteristics of changes taking place within it are discussed. The next part of the article presents the results of the author’s own research conducted among enterprises from the Polish ICT sector in 2020. The last part contains conclusions....
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