Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 22 Articles
Gatifloxacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against both gram-positive and gram negative organisms. Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid hormones. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Its potency is about 40 times that of hydrocortisone. Combination of both of these drugs as a synergistic companion with beta-lactum antibiotics against pseudomonas, proteus, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia. This review explains the work done by different researchers so far for estimation of both these drugs alone or in combinations. Therefore, this review gives compiled data on both gatifloxacin and dexamethasone together....
Thiocolchicoside is skeletal relaxant drug used in the treatment of traumatic, orthopaedic and rheumatic disorders whereas Etodolac is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. This review explains the work done by different researchers so far for estimation of both these drugs alone or in combinations. Therefore, this review gives compiled data on both thiocolchicoside and etodolac together....
ABSTACT: With the development of life science, pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis becomes more and more important in medical science. Further studies will be hopefully established if it is possible to use inorganic elemental standards or small organic compounds in the quantitative determination of all kinds of drugs, nucleotides and sulfur or phosphorus containing peptides and proteins at appropriate concentration with an acceptable accuracy. The current applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Spectroscopy, Transmission Raman Spectroscopy, Sequential Injection Analysis in the pharmaceutical analysis are also Described and discussed. The manifolds developed offer good analytical characteristics and are suitable for analysis of drug formulations, process Analysis, drug-dissolution, drug-release testing and functional assays for screening potential drugs, Biopharmaceutical analysis, Heavy metal limit tests....
The present study include a simple, sensitive and specific RPHPLC method development and validation for the Doxophylline in tablet dosage form. The λmax found to be 276 nm by taking Acetonitrile and Buffer (20:80) as solvent.The validation of the proposed method was carried out as per ICH Guidelines. It was found that the drug was shown the linearity between the ranges 60-160%. The regression of curve was y = 12817x + 123218, r2 =0.9996. The developed method was found to be with % RSD 0.026. The % RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision was lower than 2%. The percentage recovery values of pure drug were in between 90-110%. The ruggedness of the method was studied by taking in account of different analyst and by varying the temperature. Based on the performance characteristic the proposed RPHPLC method was found to suitable for the estimation of Doxophylline in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms....
A rapid, simple and highly sensitive High Performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Azithromycin dehydrate in human plasma. The drug and internal standard was extracted form plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using tertiary butyl methyl ether and n-Hexane (90:10% v/v). The chromatography was carried out by using Qualisil analytical column with 150 x 4.6mm, 5�µ dimension and a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: 20mM Ammonium acetate (70:30 % v/v) the analyte was monitored in Single reaction-monitoring (SRM) mode and the m/z value for azithromycin and internal standard is 749.4 > 591.3 and 734.3 > 567.3 respectively. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 4.8 ng/ml and the total run time was 3.5 min. A good linear response was observed for the analyte from 4.8 ng/ml to 1577 ng/ml. This method is useful for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies....
Simple, accurate and reproducible RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of salbutamol (SAL) and ambroxol (AMB) was developed by using Thermo C18 column (4.6 mm i.d × 250 mm) and mobile phase acetonitrile (0.025M) and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 30:70% v/v. Linearity was observed in the range of 5-25µg/ml for salbutamol and 10-50µg/ml for ambroxol. The drugs were subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis and heat to apply stress condition for degradation studies. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. Hence it can be concluded that developed RP-HPLC method are accurate, precise and selective, can be employed for the estimation of salbutamol and ambroxol in bulk as well as formulation....
Dexrabeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor and used in Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, gastric and duodenal ulcers. A simple, precise and accurate method was developed and validated by using a simple solvent system for Dexrabeprazole sodium as bulk and in tablet dosage form. In the developed method distilled water was used as solvent. The λmax was determined to be 284nm. The procedure was validated as per ICH guidelines. The linearity range was 2-28µg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999. The %recovery for Dexrabeprazole sodium was found to be 97.82% to 102.39%. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.061µg/ml and 0.184 µg/ml respectively. The method has been successfully used to analyze commercial solid dosage containing 10 mg of Dexrabeprazole sodium with good recovery....
A simple, accurate, cost effective and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Piroxicam in soft gelatin capsule dosage form. For UV spectrophotometric method, maximum absorption was found at λmax 353 nm. The percentage recovery of Piroxicam ranged from (99.60 ± 0.62) in capsule dosage form. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 4-24μg/ml having line equation y = 0.0481x - 0.0369 with correlation coefficient of 0.9996. By treating the data statistically and by recovery study, results of study were validated....
A simple, sensitive, specific, spectrophotometric method was developed for the detection of Telmisartan (TLM) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. The optimum conditions for the analysis of the drug were established. TLM was subjected to stress degradation under different conditions recommended by International Conference on Harmonization. The samples so generated were used for degradation studies using the developed method. The λmax of the TLM was found to be 297 nm. The method exhibited high sensitivity with linearity in 2 to 20 µg/ml range. The lower limit of detection and the limit of quantification were found to be 0.912 µg/ml and 4.467 µg/ml respectively. All calibration curves demonstrated a linear relationship between the absorbance and concentration with correlation coefficient higher than 0.99. The regression equation of the curve was Y = 0.055X. Precision of the method was found to be 80.054 ± 0.445 against the label claim of 80 mg. The percentage recovery was found to be 100.76 ± 0.960. The sample solution was stable up to 2 hours. Hence, it can be concluded that the proposed method will be suitable for the analysis of TLM in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations....
A sensitive, simple and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of pramipexole HCl (PPX) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on the reaction between the drug and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzodioxazole (NBD-Cl) in borate buffer of pH 8.5 to yield a highly fluorescent derivative that is measured at 533 nm after excitation at 464 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 100–1000 ng/mL for standard drug solution. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation was found to be 21.67 ng/ml, and 65.685 ng/ml, respectively. The recovery range of PPX was found to be 99.54 to 101.02%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of PPX in pharmaceutical formulations as well as in-vitro dissolution studies of PPX tablets....
Novel, safe and sensitive methods for the titrimetric estimation of phenylbutazone bulk drug have been developed using 2 M sodium benzoate solution and 1 M ibuprofen sodium solution as hydrotropic solubilizing agents. The enhancement in aqueous solubility of phenylbutazone bulk drug was more than 51-folds and 164-folds when sodium benzoate and ibuprofen sodium hydrotropic solutions were used respectively. Results of the analysis were validated statistically. The results of analysis obtained by the proposed methods were very comparable with the results of analysis obtained by the Indian Pharmacopoeial method....
The major constituent of the shampoo is sodium lauryl sulphate which imparts cleansing or detergency effect to shampoo. This crucial agent causes irritation to skin and eyes and precipitate toxic effects in users. Therefore, it is indispensable to determine its contents in the shampoo. A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) is employed in this study. SLS forms a coloured complex with methylene blue dye. The complex is extracted in chloroform. The absorbance of complex in chloroform layer is measured at maximum wavelength (max) of 653 nm. The calibration curve is linear in the range of 2-20 ppm of SLS concentration. On the basis of the linearity curve the SLS concentration in marketed shampoos is evaluated. The evaluated concentration is compared with US FDA specification limit of SLS content in shampoo....
Simple, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic method for analysis of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac both as a bulk drug and in combined dosage form was developed and validated. The method employed TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as a stationary phase and isopropyl alcohol: ammonia (9:1v/v) as mobile phase. The retention factor for thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac were found to be 0.43 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.03 respectively. Densitometric analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 260 nm. The method was validated for precision, recovery and robustness. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration spots showed good relationship with (regression) r2 = 0.9972 for thiocolchicoside and (regression) r2=0.9973 for aceclofenac in the amount range of 200–1200 ng/spot....
A simple method has been developed for the isolation of Levodopa from the seeds of Mucuna pruriens. The isolated Levodopa was characterized by UV, TLC, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, HPLC and HPTLC. Quantification of Levodopa was done in two varieties of seeds and a single component herbal formulation containing Mucuna pruriens. The quantification was done by development of a blue colour chromogen of Levodopa using Folin – Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) in presence of 1% sodium carbonate solution. The λmax of the blue chromogen was found at 731.4nm. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be highly specific, simple, accurate, and reproducible....
: A simple, sensitive, specific, spectrophotometric method has been developed for the detection of etodolac in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The drug was examined by using acetic acid as a solvent for this study by spectrophotometrically at 273 nm and obeyed beer lamberts law in the concentration range 2-10µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9972.The lower limit of detection was found to be 0.073µg/ml and the limit of quantification to be 0.021µg/ml. The percentage recovery study of the drug for the proposed method were found in the range of 100.16% w/v -100.25% w/v for brand 1 and 100.005w/v -100.16%w/v for brand 2. Results of analysis for method were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The assay results were found to be in good agreement with label claim. The proposed method was simple sensitive, precise, quick and useful for routine quality control....
One simple and sensitive non extractive colorimetric method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of Olanzapine form Pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Developed method is based on formation of ion pair colored complex of drug with Bromocresol Green Dye. The formed complex in Methylene Chloride solvent does not require any extraction and showed absorbance maxima at 415.5 nm. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 0-10 µgm/ml of olanzapine. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies....
Today synthetic indicators are the choice of acid-base titrations. But due to environmental pollution, availability and cost, the search for natural compounds as an acid-base indicator was started. The present vocation highlights the exploit of the acidified ethanolic extract of the flowers of few medicinal plants as an acid-base indicator in acid-base titrations. This natural indicator is easy to extract as well as easily available. Promising results were obtained when it was tested against standard synthetic indicators. Titration shows sharp color change at the equivalence point. The equivalence points obtained by the flowers extract coincide with the equivalence points obtained by standard indicators. In case of weak acid and weak base titration, the results obtained by the flowers extract matched with the results obtained by mixed indicator. This natural indicator is found to be a very useful, economical, simple and accurate for the said titrations....
Two simple and sensitive colorimetric methods have been developed for the quantitative estimation of Amlodipine besylate (ADB) from Pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Developed methods are based on the formation of chloroform extractable ion pair colored complex of drug with Cosneasie Brilliant Blue R (CBB, Method A) and Methyl Orange (MO, Method B). The complex formed in method A and B showed maximum absorbance at 595.5 nm and 425.5 nm respectively. Linearity was obeyed in concentration range of 5-30 µgm/ml and 20-40 µgm/ml of ADB for method A and B respectively. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies....
The first derivative spectrophotometric method are described for simultaneous estimation of enalapril maleate and metfromin hydrochloride in combined pharmaceutical dosage form. The method depends on first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry, with zero crossing measurement method. The first derivative amplitudes at 220 and 251 nm were selected for the assay of enalapril maleate and metformin hydrochloride, respectively. The method showed good linearity, precision, and reproducibility. The proposed method is successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in laboratory prepared mixture....
A stability indicating, simple, economic, rapid, precise and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for determination of Alfuzosin in pharmaceutical dosage form. The quantitative determination of Alfuzosin was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 (2) (250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 µm), stainless steel column with mobile phase consist of Water: Methanol (55:45 %v/v) pumped at a constant flow rate of 1 mL min-1. The detection is carried out using variable wavelength UV-Vis detector set at 245 nm. The method shows good peak shape, minimal tailing, with retention time 3.96 min for alfuzosin. The drug was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, and acidic, thermal and neutral hydrolysis to apply stress conditions. The developed method was able to separate degradation product generated under forced degradation studies. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines for the parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of Quantitation and found to be satisfactorily. The response was linear in the drug concentration range of 20-100 µg mL-1 (r2 = 0.998). The proved to be suitable for stability testing, homogeneity testing and quality control of this compound in pharmaceutical dosage form....
The present work describes fast, accurate, precise, reproducible and rugged spectroscopic method for simultaneous estimation of Ondansetron Hydrochloride and Rabeprazole Sodium in Capsule formulation using simultaneous equation. The Spectroscopic method involves measurement of absorbance at 246 nm and 284 nm, wavelengths of maximum absorbance for Ondansetron and Rabeprazole, respectively. Linearity of the method was found over the range of 2-16 μg/ml for Ondansetron and over 2-20 μg/ml for Rabeprazole. The values of Limit of Detection were found to be 0.55 μg/ml and 0.67 μg/ml for Ondansetron and 0.77 μg/ml and 0.49 μg/ml for Omeprazole at 246 nm and 284 nm, respectively. Similarly, the values of Limit of Quantification were found to be 1.65 μg/ml and 2.03 μg/ml for Ondansetron and 2.33 μg/ml and 1.49 μg/ml for Omeprazole at 246 nm and 284 nm, respectively. The values of relative standard deviation for intermediate precision, intra day precision and inters day precision were found to be less than 2. Proposed method was found to be applicable for simultaneous analysis of these drugs in combined capsule formulations....
A fast, Simple and accurate liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC-densitometry) methods for determination of camylofin dihydrochloride (CAM) in tablets were elaborated. The first method was based on isocratic reversed phase liquid chromatography by using RP ODS-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 25mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (70:30, v/v) adjusted to pH 7 with triethylamine at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and UV detection at 215 nm. The calibration curve of camylofin was linear in the range of 50-300 µg.mL-1 with correlation of coefficient r >0.999. The second thin layer chromatographic method employed by using pre-coated silica gel G60–F254 aluminum sheet using mobile phase chloroform:methanol:ammonia (6:4:0.1,v/v) and quantitation was achieved using spectrodensitometrically at 215 nm. The calibration curve of camylofin was linear in the range of 1500-9000 ng.spot-1 with correlation of coefficient r>0.999. The validity of the methods was confirmed using the recovery studies, precision specificity and limit of detection. Both techniques were applied successfully for the analysis of camylofin in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The results obtained from both procedures were statistically compared using the Student’s-t and F-variance ratio tests....
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