Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are one of the most important drugs that have been used in the treatment of neuropsychological disorders. Indeed, BZDs are abused by drug addicts regardless of their therapeutic uses. Therefore, it was important in forensic and clinical toxicology to reach an easy and reliable method for the screening and quantification of BZDs in the human plasma matrix. In the current work, five BZDs, namely bromazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, nordiazepam and diazepam were simultaneously separated and detected by a simple and reliable RPLC method in a human plasma matrix. Isocratic mobile elution consisting of 20 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and methanol (50:50, v/v) on a Symmetry C18 column was employed. The flow rate, wavelength and column temperature were fixed at 1.0 mL min−1, 214 nm and 40 ◦C, respectively. The proposed method was validated, giving a linearity within the concentration ranges 5–500 ng mL−1 for bromazepam and diazepam, 3–500 ng mL−1 for clonazepam and lorazepam and 1–500 ng mL−1 for nordiazepam with a determination coefficient (R2) more than 0.9992. The LOD values for the selected BZDs ranged from 0.54 to 2.32 and from 1.78 to 7.65 ng mL−1 for standard methanolic and plasma matrices, respectively. Precision, accuracy, selectivity, stability, and robustness were some of the terms considered in validating the current RPLC method. Based on these results, a simple and reliable RPLC method was successfully applied to quantify BZDs in human plasma matrix appearing with recoveries ranging from 96.5 to 107.5% and interday RSD less than 4%. The current developed method was useful for rapidly screening the most commonly used BZDs in the market within their therapeutic concentration ranges....
A new reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of pediatric oral powder formulation containing cefixime (CFX) and clavulanic acid (CVA). In this research, an analytical C18 (4.6mm× 25 cm), 5 μm column was used for chromatographic separation with a mixture of methanol and water containing disodium hydrogen phosphate in ratio of 20 : 80 v/v as the mobile phase (pH 5.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detecting wavelength and run time were 220 nm and 15 min, respectively. Moreover, the column temperature was maintained at 30°C. The analytical method was validated prior to meeting the conditions specified by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and the parameters were specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, robustness, and solution stability. Thecalibration curve was found to be linear between the concentration ranges of 0.024–0.036 mg/mL and 0.032–0.048 mg/mL for CFX and CVA, respectively. Furthermore, the LOD and LOQ of CFX were 0.0008 and 0.0025 μg/mL, respectively. Accordingly, LOD and LOQ of CVA were 0.0021 and 0.0065 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy of the optimized method was examined by recovery studies and the mean recovery was observed to be 98.96% and 99.05% for CFX and CVA, respectively, at 100% spiked level. The repeatability testing for both standard and sample solutions revealed that the method is precise within the acceptable range and the %RSD of the precision was <2%. In addition, the findings of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and solution stability studies of both CFX and CVA were within the criteria of acceptable limit as well....
Non-destructive analysis of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM), pharmaceutical tablets, and granules was conducted by chemometrics-assisted attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). For tablets, an optimum PLSR model with eight latent factors was obtained from areanormalized and standard normal variate (SNV) pretreated ATR-IR spectral data with correlation coefficients (R2) of calibration and cross-validation of 0.9716 and 0.9602, respectively. The model capability for the 42 test set samples was proven with R2 between the reference and model prediction values of 0.9632, and a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.7786. The successive PLSR model for granules was constructed from SNV and first derivative pretreated ATR-IR spectral data with two latent factors and correlation coefficients (R2) of calibration and cross-validation of 0.9577 and 0.9450, respectively....
Infection is one of the most important reasons for the increase in the number of deaths worldwide; it can be a bacterial or viral infection. As a result, there are many effective drugs against this infection, especially bacterial ones. Cefepime (CP) is one of the fourth generations of cephalosporins and is distinguished from others in that it can kill both positive and negative bacteria. Therefore, this study focused on the chemical properties of the drug, its uses, and its stability against bacteria. All analysis methods for this drug in pharmaceutical preparations, blood, or plasma were also presented. One of the important problems in these methods is using toxic solvents, which poses a danger to society and the environment. The presentation of these solvents will allow companies to manufacture and use more effective and less toxic solvents....
The study aimed to develop a new reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) detection for simultaneous estimation of escitalopram (EST) and clonazepam (CZP) in tablet dosage forms with a quality by design (QbD) approach. The chromatographic conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and developed method was validated for the linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and solution stability according to International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. EST and CZP standard drugs peaks were separated at retention times of 2.668 and 5.046 min by C-18 column with dimension of 4.6 × 100 mm length and particle size packing 2.5 μm. The mobile phase was methanol: 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (OPA) (25:75, v/v), with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at temperature of 26 ◦C. The sample volume injected was 20 μL and peaks were detected at 239 nm. Using the standard calibration curve, the % assay of marketed tablet was founded 98.89 and 98.76 for EST and CZP, respectively. The proposed RP-HPLC method was able to detect EST and CZP in the presence of their degradation products, indicating the stability-indicating property of the developed RP-HPLC method. The validation parameter’s results in terms of linearity, system suitability, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity, and solution stability were in an acceptable range as per the ICH guidelines. The newly developed RP-HPLC method with QbD application is simple, accurate, time-saving, and economic....
Loading....