Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 13 Articles
The first record of practice of traditional medicine by humans comes from the tablet around 2600 B.C. old. The tablet mentions the significance and use of oils from Cedrus species (Cedar), Cupressus sempervirens (cypress), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), etc.vital plants of that time. In recent times change in behavior of industry seems to take place, where they are now reverting back towards in traditional medicines and herbs. A quick show up of the present scenario indicates a surge in, the Global herbal supplements and remedies market, reaching to Rs. 9315 crores, comparatively in lead is the Indian Herbal Market with extreme growth expectations to Rs. 14,500 crore (2015). Herbal exports project market size of Rs. 9000 crores by 2015. However, Chinese herbal medicinal market poses big threat, so urgent need is required to build regulated traditional medicine practice in par with international standards. Realizing this fact, the review puts light on traditional system of medicine scenario in India, hurdles and ways to overcome them, along with description upon two essential herbs Cedrus deodara and Operculina turpethum, as an example to justify potential and expertise India could achieve in Drug Industry in coming future....
Generalized psychomotor retardation is the most common symptom, although psychomotor agitation is also seen, especially in older patients. Hand wringing and hair pulling are the most common symptoms of agitation. Classically, a depressed patient has stooped posture, no spontaneous movements, and a downcast, averted gaze....
An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of herbal methionine and Mangifera indica on lead-induced cardiotoxicity in broiler chicks. Male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) of day-old age were randomly divided into six groups consisting of fifteen in each group. Group 1 was maintained as basal diet control and 2 was kept on lead @ 300 ppm in feed throughout 5 wks as toxic control without any treatment. Groups 3 and 4 were maintained respectively on herbal methionine @ 1.4 gm/ kg feed + Mangifera indica @ 0.1% in feed. Group 5 and 6 were treated with lead + herbal methionine and lead + Mangifera indica, respectively for the 5 wks. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls revealed a significant (P <0.05) increase, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and ATPases, and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the lead toxic control group 2. Treatment with herbal remedies in groups 5 and 6 resulted in a marked improvement in all the above parameters as compared to those of lead toxic control. Thus, it is concluded that lead-induced cardiotoxicity is attributed to oxidative stress and the herbs in test offered better amelioration. The beneficial effects of herbal methionine and Mangifera indica may be attributed to their antioxidant, anti-stress and cardio-protective principles....
Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. (Oleaceae), commonly known as ‘Harshringar’ is widely used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, hepatic disorders and stomach ulcers. Its leaf part contains various flavonoids and oxygenated terpenes. In this work, the effects of the leaf extract various on gastric ulcers were evaluated. The antiulcer assays were undertaken using the following protocols in rats: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcer, ethanol-induced ulcer, stress-induced ulcer, and determination of gastric secretion using ligated pylorus. The treatment in the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract significantly (p<0.01) diminished the lesion index, the total lesion area and the percentage of lesions in comparison with positive control groups. With regard to the model of gastric secretion significant (p<0.001) reduction of gastric juice volume and total acidity was observed, as well as an increase in the gastric pH. Considering the results, it is suggested that the Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new phytomedicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer....
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of feeding of herbal neonatal chick care against iron-induced toxicity. A total of 130 day old male broiler chicks (Vencobb strain) were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was maintained on basal diet, group 2 and 3 on herbal neonatal chick care (NNCC) @ 6 and 8 g/chick/day, respectively for 2 days after hatching and later continued with basal diet for 6 wks. Group 4 was given FeSO4 @ 0.5% of feed for 6 wks. Group 5 and 6 were given NNCC as in groups 2 and 3, and later continued with the FeSO4 as in group 4 up to 6 wks. The concentration of serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, and the activity of CPK was significantly (P<0.05) increased in group 4, while there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the concentration of HDL cholesterol. The histopathology of kidney and heart revealed lesions of mild to marked severity in different combinations. It is concluded that the neonatal feeding of herbal NNCC offered protection against iron-induced toxicity....
Immunomodulator potential of Leucas cephalotes Spreng. was investigated on the basis of its leave extract ‘s effect on cellular and humoral immunity. Dried leaves were extracted using successive solvent extraction and extracts were evaluated for their effect on in vitro phagocytosis. Further on the basis of best results in in vitro investigation alcoholic extract was further investigated for its effect on Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) and hemagglutination titer. Alcoholic extract was found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg orally; accordingly 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg oral dose was selected as doses for present investigation. At all selected doses effect was found to be immunomodulatory....
A great number of aromatic, spicy, medicinal and other plants contain chemical compounds exhibiting antioxidant properties. Numerous studies were carried out on some of these plants, e.g. rosemary, sage and oregano, which resulted in a development of natural antioxidant formulations for food, cosmetic and other applications. In this study, the antioxidant activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata leaves from the family Rutaceae was evaluated by various in-vitro antioxidant assays, including 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrilhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The results of this study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Murraya paniculata posses strong antioxidant potential and it can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry....
The plant Inula helianthus aquatica belonging to the family Asteraceae was selected and various studies such as phytochemical and pharmacological activities were carried out. Plant leaves were collected and was shade dried for 20 days, until it was dry enough for extraction. It was then powdered in a grinder and extracted with solvents such as hexane, ethanol, and water. The extracts were subjected to various preliminary phytochemical tests and the results indicated the presence of Oligo fructoses, in the aqueous extract. The compounds were identified by TLC and isolated by column chromatography. The spectral studies were carried out for the aqueous extract of Inula helianthus aquatic leaves and were subjected for purity testing. The purified fractions were subjected to IR (Infra red spectroscopy), 1H NMR(Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy), MASS Spectroscopy studies for the confirmation of the functional groups, number of protons and molecular weight. The results obtained from the chemical tests, IR, 1HNMR, MASS spectroscopy gave the conclusion that Oligo fructose was present in the extract. The anti-diabetic activity of the aqueous extract of Inula helianthus aquatica leaves were compared with that of standard drugs. The aqueous extract of Inula helianthus aquatica leaves produced significant anti diabetic activity in dose dependent manner....
The hepatoprotective potentials of the Holostemma annulare ehanolic extract were investigated. The fraction were prepared and tested against carbon tetrachloride induced and Paracetamol induced liver damage in experimental rats. changes in the biochemical markers like Aspartate aminotransferase(AST), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin were determined in both treated and control groups. The effects of the extracts were compared with that of sylimarin (100 mg/kg) treated group.Phytochemical investigations showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenods, saponins and absence of glycosides, the results suggest that CCl4 and Paracetamol (2g/kg) elevated the levels of AST,ALT,ALP.and bilirubin. Treatment of different doses (100mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 250mg/kg) of Holostemma annulare extract ameliorated the effects of the hepatotoxins and significantly (p<0.05) reduced elevated levels of biochemical marker enzyme....
Herbal medicines are popular. They are extensively used in the developing world, where in many places they offer a more widely available and more affordable alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. In traditional herbal medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders. Extensive research suggests that a number of plant-derived chemicals and traditional Oriental herbal remedies possess cognition-enhancing properties. Cognitive impairment is the major health problem in normal aged life as well as in some disease conditions. Cognition enhancers can be used to facilitate attention abilities and acquisition, storage and retrieval of information, and to attenuate the impairment of cognitive functions associated with age and age-related pathologies. In course of time, numbers of neurotransmitters and signaling molecules have been identified which have been considered as therapeutic targets. Conventional as well newer molecules have been tried against these targets. Moreover, ongoing research progress have validated some of the newer targets such as nicotinic receptors, PDE4, 5HT6, calcium channel blockers which can be of therapeutic importance. In this review we compiled available literature from scientific journals and online database queries on plants and remedies used in traditional medicinal systems for such diseases....
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world today. The antidiabetic activity of metahnolic root extracts of Clematis triloba (CTRE) in Streptozotocin(STZ) and Streptosotocin-Nicotinamide(STZ-NIC) induced diabetes in rats was investigated. Male, albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 5 animals in each group. Diabetes was induced in two models by STZ(55 mg/kg, p.o) and STZ-NIC (55,110 mg/kg, p.o)respectively. CTRE (200 mg/kg,400 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. The effect on blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride were studied in diabetic rats. CTRE reduced blood glucose, triglyceride and glycosylated haemoglobin and increased in HDL level significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner after 21 days of treatment period. In present study CTRE showed a significant decrease in blood glucose in STZ and STZ-NIC induced diabetic rats....
Medicinal plants have been in use for millenniums by human race as potential source for healing and protective actions for our own benefit. For centuries scientists have found synthetic route for rapid and fast relief from the ailments. But somewhere, the danger of adverse reactions haunted many pharmaceutical giants, leading to rejections of potential leads having side effects making them inappropriate for human consumption, causing them huge losses. An Alternative exists in form of Natural route, as a source it provides an advantage of lower rejections and higher productivity with positive feedback from the patients or prospective clients for doctors. Therefore, recent decades, have seen an increase in surge towards natural source, and people preferring traditional system over conventional allopathic system for their respective ailments. The trend seems to shift for pharmaceutical bigwigs, with many pharmaceutical companies setting up their own indigenized Nutraceutical strategic business units, focusing on isolating potential natural drug leads. Punica granatum is boon for such companies having high potential for drug leads in various ailments. Ranging from having antioxidant potential, being antimicrobial, the plant proves to be a positive approach for cancer carcinogenesis and even AIDS (working as immustimulant and developing immune system strength). The present review just portrays a detailed factsheet on the future medicine store house for pharmaceuticals and mankind as a whole....
Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines even since the dawn of human civilization. Medicinal plants are the nature’s gift to human being to have disease-free healthy life. It plays a vital role to preserve our health. Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. (Family- Asteraceae) commonly known as kalijiri, is an important medicinal plant of India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda and Unani. It has been used extensively for treatment of some diseases like asthma, kidney troubles, inflammatory swellings, leucoderma, worm infection and convulsion. It has been found to possess various therapeutic activities, viz. anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and many more. The present paper is an overview on scientifically established and published phytopharmacological properties of the plant....
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