Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 8 Articles
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Background: The prevalence of dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) has been said to be higher than in the normal children; however, such findings have not been expressed for different racial groups.\r\n \r\nAim: To determine the prevalence of anomalies in children with CLP and to ascertain if there were any differences between the prevalence figures for CLP and non-CLP children.\r\n \r\nDesign: This is a retrospective study looking at previously collected clinical records. The sample consisted of 231 pairs of age and gender matched CLP and non-CLP southern Chinese aged between 12 and 16 years. The dental records of the subjects were examined to gather data on anomalies of tooth number, size and shape.\r\n \r\nResults: It was found that 57.6% of the CLP children had hypodontia, 10.0% hyperdontia, 8.7% taurodontism, 0.8% a double tooth, 1.30% dens evaginatus, and 42.4% had microdontia in the permanent dentition. The CLP subjects had a statistically higher prevalence of hypodontia (p<0.001), supernumerary (p<0.01) and microdontia (p<0.001) than the non-CLP subjects. More CLP children, were found to have one to three types of anomalies, than the non-CLP children (p<0.001).\r\n \r\nConclusion: This group of Chinese CLP children demonstrated a higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the non-CLP children....
Background: Little attention has been directed towards identifying the relationship between physical exercise,\r\ndental erosive wear and salivary secretion. The study aimed i) to describe the prevalence and severity of dental\r\nerosive wear among a group of physically active young adults, ii) to describe the patterns of dietary consumption\r\nand lifestyle among these individuals and iii) to study possible effect of exercise on salivary flow rate.\r\nMethods: Young members (age range 18-32 years) of a fitness-centre were invited to participate in the study.\r\nInclusion criteria were healthy young adults training hard at least twice a week. A non-exercising comparison\r\ngroup was selected from an ongoing study among 18-year-olds. Two hundred and twenty participants accepted\r\nan intraoral examination and completed a questionnaire. Seventy of the exercising participants provided saliva\r\nsamples. The examination was performed at the fitness-centre or at a dental clinic (comparison group), using\r\ntested erosive wear system (VEDE). Saliva sampling (unstimulated and stimulated) was performed before and after\r\nexercise. Occlusal surfaces of the first molars in both jaws and the labial and palatal surfaces of the upper incisors\r\nand canines were selected as index teeth.\r\nResults: Dental erosive wear was registered in 64% of the exercising participants, more often in the older age\r\ngroup, and in 20% of the comparison group. Enamel lesions were most observed in the upper central incisors\r\n(33%); dentine lesions in lower first molar (27%). One fourth of the participants had erosive wear into dentine,\r\nsignificantly more in males than in females (p = 0.047). More participants with erosive wear had decreased salivary\r\nflow during exercise compared with the non-erosion group (p < 0.01). The stimulated salivary flow rate was in the\r\nlower rage (= 1 ml/min) among more than one third of the participants, and more erosive lesions were registered\r\nthan in subjects with higher flow rates (p < 0.01).\r\nConclusion: The study showed that a high proportion of physically active young adults have erosive lesions and\r\nindicate that hard exercise and decreased stimulated salivary flow rate may be associated with such wear....
Statement of problem: A dowel is essential to retain the core in case of severe tooth destruction. However, the\r\nplacement of a dowel and core may actually weaken teeth and affect their failure pattern depending on their material\r\nproperties and stress transfer.\r\nPurpose: The present study compared the fracture resistance and failure pattern of endodontically treated\r\npremolars with different amounts of tooth destruction restored with dowels of different materials: a heat pressable\r\n \r\n \r\n\Z \r\n\r\nMaterials and methods: Ninety single rooted premolars of similar dimensions were selected and divided at\r\nrandom into 9 groups (n=10) Group 1: Sound teeth (Control group), Group 2: Reduced sound teeth with 60 taper and\r\n !\"\r\n# $%\Z&\Z\Z''*# *+\Z\Z\Z\Z\r\nminimal endodontic access. Groups 4, 5 and 6 restored using a pressable ceramic dowel and core while groups 7, 8\r\n%\Z \Z\r\n- \Z\Z \Z\r\nfracture for each group was examined. The recorded values were tabulated and statistically analyzed.\r\nResults: Group 5 (tapered ceramic) showed the highest fracture mean values followed by group 6 (parallel\r\nceramic). Group 4 (parallel tapered ceramic) showed statistically similar values to group 1 (sound teeth).Group 2\r\n(Reduced sound teeth) registered 20% reduction in fracture resistance when compared to group 1 (sound teeth).\r\n# \Z\Z\Z\Z&'' to group 2. Fiber groups 7, 8 and 9 displayed\r\n\Z\Z\Z&\Z \Z'' 3 ;<\Z\Z > \r\n\r\nConclusions: Reduction of sound teeth resulted in 20% decrease in their fracture resistance. Endodontically\r\ntreated premolars with minimal access, restored with composite, maintained the same values as sound reduced\r\nteeth. Pressed ceramic bonded dowel and cores with three dowel designs displayed higher resistance means than\r\nsound reduced teeth; however, most failures were unfavorable. Fiber dowels and composite core groups registered\r\napproximately 70% of the values of sound reduced teeth but all failure patterns were favorable....
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 20% Carbamide peroxide (CP), 10% Carbamide peroxide (CP) and 25% Hydrogen peroxide (HP) on surface roughness of enamel.\r\nMaterials and methods: Six young healthy dogs were used in this study. Sixteen teeth in each dog were selected (upper and lower incisors and canines) for bleaching. Group (1): Control, no bleaching treatment (upper & lower canines in each dog). Group (2): (1) & (2) dogs, bleaching of upper &lower incisors with 20% CP Opalescence. Group (3): (3) & (4) dogs, bleaching of upper &lower incisors with 10% CP Opalescence Group (4): (5) & (6) dogs, bleaching of upper &lower incisors with 25% HP Zoom2 N=24 Selected teeth on each dog were scaled and polished with a rubber cup, after that in groups 2,3,4 bleaching agents were applied for eight hours daily for two weeks. After sacrificed of the dogs, the teeth were stored in normal saline 0.9%. Enamel of labial surface of teeth was tested for surface roughness (Ra,um) using Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan�s Multiple Range Test using SAS program.\r\nResults: No significant differences were found among the bleaching groups (2-3-4). However, all bleaching agents produced a significant increase in the mean surface roughness of enamel compared to the untreated control group (1) (p<0.05).\r\nConclusion: Different concentration of Carbamide peroxide and Hydrogen peroxide can promote alteration on enamel surface....
Regeneration of dental pulp after pulpectomy was accomplished recently by autologous transplantation of dental pulp stem/ progenitor cells into the root canal. The identical patterns of qualitative and quantitative protein and mRNA expression in the regenerated pulp and normal pulp demonstrated complete pulp regeneration. The lack of tissue specific markers in the dental pulp is a major challenge in dental regenerative medicine. In order to identify specific markers in dental pulp we undertook a comparison of the gene expression profile of the dental pulp with that of periodontal ligament and gingiva. This systematic investigation identified thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH)-degrading enzyme (DE) as a marker of dental pulp. Expression of TRH-DE mRNA in human dental pulp was higher than that in any other tissue except brain as analyzed by real time RT-PCR. Induction of neural cells enhanced the expression of TRH-DE mRNA in dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (CD105+ and CD31- side population (SP) cells) in vitro. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that TRH-DE in the neuronal processes in dental pulp. In canine pulp cells, TRH down-regulated TRH-DE mRNA expression, while neuropeptide Y up-regulated it, suggesting that TRH-DE has functional role in the neuropeptide signaling in dental pulp tissue. It is noteworthy that TRH-DE mRNA was expressed in the regenerated pulp 28 days after transplantation of CD31- SP cells into root canals after pulpectomy. These results demonstrate the utility of TRH-DE as a novel dental pulp biomarker during regeneration of pulp....
Background: Missing teeth without prosthetic replacement had been linked to reduced quality of life in elderly population. Data on teeth retention, prosthetic status and needs of elderly population is rare in our environment.\r\n \r\nAim: This study was designed to assess teeth retention, prosthetic status and needs among elderly patients attending our dental centre.\r\n \r\nMethods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly patients, 65 years and above attending Dental Centre of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital using structured questionnaire and clinical examination. The clinical examination was conducted using WHO criteria. The questionnaire items include socio-demographic variables, dental clinic visit behavior and history of pain, chewing difficulty, denture wearing, systemic illness and medication. Teeth present and those indicated for extractions were charted. The prosthetic status and needs were also recorded. Chi Square was used to determine the relationship between two variables.\r\n \r\nResults: There were 104 respondents out of which 53 (51.0%) were males. The mean age was 71.5years (�± 6.1). About half (49.0%) had not seen a dentist within the last five years. About 66% complained of dental pain and 67.6% had one systemic illness or the other. Majority of the patients (90.1%) had 20 or more teeth in their mouth and 2 (1.9%) had shortened dental arch. One respondent (1.0%) had a 1-unit Bridge while 13.5% wear removable partial denture. Most of the respondents (75.0%) needed prosthetic replacement.\r\n \r\nConclusion: There is a high prosthetic need and poor prosthetic status among the respondents....
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