Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2023 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Electronic circuits/systems operating in harsh environments such as space are likely to experience faults or failures due to the impact of high-energy radiation. Given this, to overcome any faults or failures, redundancy is usually employed as a hardening-by-design approach. Moreover, low power and a small silicon footprint are also important considerations for space electronics since these translate into better energy efficiency, less system weight, and less cost. Therefore, the fault-tolerant design of electronic circuits and systems should go hand in hand with the optimization of design metrics, especially for resource-constrained electronics such as those used in space systems. A single circuit or system (also called a simplex implementation) is not fault-tolerant as it may become a single point of failure and is not used for a space application. As an alternative, a triple modular redundancy (TMR) implementation, which uses three identical copies of a circuit or system and a voter to perform majority voting of the circuits and systems outputs, may be used. However, in comparison with a simplex implementation, a TMR implementation consumes about 200% more area and dissipates 200% more power when circuits or systems are triplicated. To mitigate the area and power overheads of a TMR implementation compared to a simplex implementation, researchers have suggested alternative redundancy approaches such as selective TMR (STMR) insertion, partially approximate TMR (PATMR), fully approximate TMR (FATMR), and majority voting-based reduced precision redundancy (VRPR). Among these, VRPR appears to be promising, especially for inherently error-tolerant applications such as digital image/video/audio processing, which is relevant to space systems. However, the alternative redundancy approaches mentioned are unlikely to be suitable for the implementation of control logic. In this work, we analyze various redundancy approaches and evaluate the performance of TMR and VRPR for a digital image processing application. We provide MATLAB-based image processing results corresponding to TMR and VRPR and physical implementation results of functional units based on TMR and VRPR using a 28-nm CMOS technology....
Aiming at the problems of high cleaning intensity, low efficiency, and hidden safety hazards of high-altitude curtain walls, this study proposes that the image processing method is a kind of image processing technology in human-computer collaborative visual design. The algorithm uses generalized mapping to scramble the picture and then expands and replaces the scrambled pictures one by one through the image processing technical support system. Studies have shown that this calculation method has mixed pixel values, good diffusion performance, and strong resistance performance. The pixel distribution of the processed image is relatively random, and the features of similar loudness are not relevant. It is proved through experiments that the above calculation methods have strong safety performance....
Due to the rapid development of image data and the necessity to analyze it to extract meaningful information, heterogeneous systems have gained prominence. One of the most critical aspects of distributed systems is load balancing. When it comes to the distribution of workload in a balanced manner in a cluster, some heterogeneous systems are used for image processing. When workloads are allocated in these systems, the computational power of the processors is not considered. As a result, in these heterogeneous systems for image processing applications, an uneven workload distribution issue is found. A workload distribution programming framework is presented and discussed in this paper. The proposed strategy consists of two parts. As a first step, image data is split into optimal split sizes and distributed across nodes, then the image data is distributed across CPU and GPU in a second step for processing. A heterogeneous environment is created by combining the CPU and GPU. The OpenCL Java bindings are used to set up both the CPU and GPU to run the program. To assess the performance of the suggested technique, certain tests are carried out and compared to current platforms. For image processing applications in heterogeneous clusters, the proposed workload distribution approach distributed image data efficiently. Theresults of the proposed solution (Hadoop + GPU) show that using an effective workload allocation mechanism in heterogeneous systems reduces average execution time while improving overall application performance....
Acquiring the morphological parameters of fish with the traditional method (depending on human and non-automatic factors) not only causes serious problems, such as disease transmission, mortality due to stress, and carelessness and error, but it is also time-consuming and has low efficiency. In this paper, the speed of fish and their physical characteristics (maximum and minimum diameter, equivalent diameter, center of surface, and velocity of fish) were investigated by using a programmed online video-recording system. At first, using the spatial coordinates obtained from YOLOv2, the speed of the fish was calculated, and the morphological characteristics of the fish were also recorded using this program during two stages of feeding and normal conditions (when the fish are not in feeding condition). Statistical analysis was performed between the measured parameters due to the high correlation between the parameters, and the classification system with high accuracy was able to provide an accurate prediction of the fish in both normal and feeding conditions. In the next step, an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model (with three neurons; four input, one hidden layer, and one output) was presented to plan the system online. The model has the lowest error (1.4 and 0.14, respectively) and the highest coefficient of explanation (0.95 and 0.94, respectively) in two modes, normal and feeding, which are presented by the ANN system for planning the online system. The high accuracy and low error of the system, in addition to having a high efficiency for continuous and online monitoring of live fish, can have a high economic benefit for fish breeders due to the simplicity of its equipment, and it can also check and diagnose the condition of fish in time and prevent economic damage....
In this study, different strategies used to count vehicles and people in different image areas at a street intersection were analyzed to obtain counts at appropriate times suitable for real-time control of a traffic light. To achieve this, video recordings of cameras placed at the intersection were used to test and verify image processing algorithms and deep learning using the YOLOv3 network implemented on a 4 GB RAM Jetson Nano card. We counted the vehicles and people that stopped and crossed the polygons to delimit the different areas of interest, with a maximum error of ±2 in the validation tests for all cases. In addition, as a strategy, we combined the images from both cameras into a single one, thereby allowing us to make a single detection and subsequently determine if they are inside or outside the polygons used in separating the areas of interest with the respective counts. Furthermore, this enabled us to obtain information on vehicles and people stopped and crossing in a time of 0.73 s on average. Hence, it was established that the inclusion of the control algorithm is appropriate for real-time control of traffic lights....
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