Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 11 Articles
To evaluate the antiasthmatic and antianaphylactic activity of effect of aerial part of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz) on experimental models. The Unsaponifiable matter (LRUSM) from petroleum extarct, acetone (LRA), and methanol (LRM) extract of the aerial parts of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz) Wight and Arn. (Asclepiadaceae) were studied for Pharmacological evaluation. The Antiasthmatic and antianaphylactic activity of various extracts were studied on the active and passive anaphylaxis in rats induced by tripal antigen and horse serum, acetyl choline-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, anaphylactic shock induced in guinea pigs. Treatment with various extracts of Leptadenia reticulata (Retz) were showed a dose dependent (at 50, 100, mg/kg p.o.) beneficial effect on degranulation rate of actively and passively sensitized mesenteric mast cells of albino rats when challenged with antigen (horse serum). Leptadenia reticulata extract treatment for 7 days resulted in significant protection against acetylcholine aerosol-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Treatment for 10 and 14 days, in guinea pigs respectively, offered marked protection against anaphylactic shock induced bronchospasm. Antiasthmatic and antianaphylactic activity aerial part of Leptadenia reticulata may be possibly due to the membrane stabilising potential, suppression of antibody production and inhibition of antigen induced histamine, suppression of IgE antibody production, due to compound like carbohydrate, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols like β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, in USM, Phenolic compounds in acetone(LRA) and methanolic extracts(LRM) of aerial part Leptadenia reticulata(Retz)....
The species munja is useful in burning sensation, thrist, herpes, dyspepsia, dyscaria erysipelas, urinary complaints and diseases of eyes. Roots of Saccharum munja used in dysuria, giddiness and vertigo. Saccharum munja is used to cure bleeding wounds. Powdered plant material would be successively extracted separately using the solvents in order of increasing polarity viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. All the extracts of roots of S. munja were screened for different classes of phytoconstituents using specific standard reagents. The antibacterial activity was tested against extracts of roots of S. munja using microbial strains responsible for urinary tract infection such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Staphyllococcus aureus. After fractionation of biologically active extract i.e. water extract, the different fractions were subjected to antibacterial activity. The remaining water extract showed the antibacterial activity against different strains. The carbohydrate contents in remaining water extract were determined on the basis of standard curve of glucose. Antifungal activity of remaining water extract of roots of S. munja was tested against Candida albicans followed by antioxidant activity. The water extract containing carbohydrates of roots of S.munja showed significant antibacterial antifungal and antioxidant activity....
In recent year, the analytical standards available for the standardization of fixed oils is insufficient as well as the standard finger print pattern is not available. Most of the studies of Ocimum spp. have been carried out with aqueous and non-aqueous extracts of leaves or volatile oil distilled from leaves. However, in the recent past, a considerable number of studies have been reported on fixed oil extracted from Ocimum spp. seeds. Thus the aim of this study was to extract and evaluate fixed oils from the seed of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basillicum which can be useful for designing new oil base formulations in future. The coarse powder of both Ocimum spp. seeds was extracted in petroleum ether (60-800) using continuous hot extraction method. The extract was taken out and petroleum ether was evaporated to obtain fixed oils. The resultant fixed oils were evaluated for analytical parameters such as physical constants and chemical constants. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profile was also carried out to establish the chromatographic profile for the same. The study shows that, the parameters evaluated were within the permissible limits. This information can be useful for designing new formulations or for modification of the conventional formulations by using fixed oil as a base....
The present study was undertaken to evaluate adverse effects, if any, on the lipid and protein profiles in sheep fed with Bt.cotton plant material. A total of 32 Deccani sheep of one year old were randomly divided into 4 groups, consisting of 8 sheep in each group. Group 1: Basal diet (concentrate feed @ 300gm+green fodder @ 3kg / sheep /day), Group 2: Non-Bt cotton plant @1.5kg+ green fodder @1.5kg+ concentrate feed @ 300gm /sheep /day, Group 3: Bt cotton plants (50%) @1.5kg+ green fodder @1.5+ concentrate feed @ 300gm /sheep /day, Group 4: Bt cotton plants ad libitum + concentrate feed @ 300gm / sheep and all these groups were maintained for 90 days. The blood samples were drawn from jugular vein on 30th, 60th and 90th day for estimation of lipid and protein profiles. Pesticide analysis in Bt cotton plants was done by Gas Chromatography (GC), at the end of the experiment animals were slaughter and organs collected of histopathological study. The results showed no significant alteration were observed in the lipid and protein profile by feeding of Bt and Non Bt cotton plants and no pesticide residual were detected after spraying with pesticide on the Bt and Non Bt cotton plants. Further these results well supported by no evident change in the histopathological study. Therefore feeding of Bt cotton plant materials to animals did not exert any adverse toxic effect....
The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Piper longum (Piperaceae) fruits were evaluated for in-vitro anthelmintic activity on the Indian adult earthworms Pheretima posthuma. The various concentrations (10,25,50mg/ml) of extract was tested in-vitro for anthelmintic potency by determination of time of paralysis and time of death of worm. The fruit extract of Piper longum exhibited a dose dependant inhibition of spontaneous motility (Paralysis) of earthworms. Albendazole (10mg/ml) is used as standard drug. The extract was found to be more potent than albendazole. Thus the present study demonstrates that the fruit of Piper longum could be categorized under anthelmintic herbal drugs and could be used as a potent key ingredient of herbal formulation....
The present investigations were aimed to formulate the topical herbal analgesic and anti-inflammatory gel. Gels were formulated using different concentration of carbomer-940 and Na CMC as gelling agent and Boswellia serrata extract in 10% concentration. Before the formulation, the quality of raw material was standardized by their analysis including the development of HPTLC fingerprint. All the formulations developed have pH within the range of skin pH non-staining and having good spredability. The gels were evaluated their physical properties, pharmacological potency, safety, efficacy in-vivo and in-vitro studies. The stability studies were done in accordance with ICH guidelines. Since no significant changes were observed after three months. So it concluded that the formulation were stable....
The major objective of this study was to evaluate gastro protective effect of hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, ethanolic extract of annona muricata Linn at dose of 200mg,100mg per kg b.w, was administered orally twice daily for 5 days using pylorus - ligation ulcer model in wistar albino rats. Estimation of various gastric fluids such as volume of gastric juice, total acidity, Free acidity, pH values were done. ulcer index and percentage protection were determined, all the results obtained were compared with the control group and from the results it was found that chloroform extract treated group has shown dose dependent highly significant gastoprotective action. Thus validating the folklore usage of annona muricata as an antiulcer drug....
The present study was undertaken to investigate the aqueous and methanol extracts of Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh stems were evaluated for haematology and immunomodulatory activities using E.coli. induced abdominal sepsis, phagocytic index by carbon clearance test in mice. Pre-treatment with extracts of Dendrophthoe falcata with a dose of 100, 200 and 500mg/kg body wt revealed significant (p<0.01) haematological activity and (p <0.01 ) phagocytic index by carbon clearance test, against all the tests performed as compared to the control and standered group. Both the extract shows the presence of steroids, terpenes, glycosides, tannins, proteins and flavonoids. The results of the present study substantiate the ethnopharmacological approach in selecting the plant as a remedy for haematological activity and immunomodulatory activities....
Aloe vera for field plantation was achieved from shoot tip explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.9 mg/l), NAA (0.4 mg/l) and citric acid (10 mg/l). Citric acid (10 mg/l) has been added to the medium to alleviate the effect of browning in Aloe. A combination of BA and NAA enhanced the multiple shoots proliferation from shoot tip culture. Maximum shoot multiplication (5-10 shoots per explant) was obtained in 3rd subculture as compared to previous studies. In vitro regenerated shoots also demonstrated root induction on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.4 mg/l). The plantlets so generated were processed through hardening procedure for acclimatization with greenhouse facilities and transfer to the soil. Through this procedure about 30 plantlets were generated from one explant over three subcultures (total 3 months). The in vitro raised plants were similar to the mother plant in general morphology....
Jatropha, the unloved shrub has today become an agricultural and economic celebrity with the discovery that it may be the ideal biofuel crop, an alternative to the fossil fuels for a world which is moving towards a no oil age. It has been famous the world over because of its significance as a renewable source of bioenergy. Besides its toxicity its importance as a medicine for diseases like cancer, arthritis, scabies etc is also now known. In view of the immense potentiality of this plant as a good resource of bioenergy and for several therapeutic products it is recommended to produce genetically engineered plants for better usage of this wonder plant. Concerted efforts must be also done for further exploration of its properties so that this “Green Gold” fuel can be termed as a “Resurrecting” plant for our planet....
Shodhana (purification), one of the procedures mentioned in Ayurveda, has been recommended for many a drugs of both poisonous and non poisonous category, by different Ayurveda pharmacopoeias. For this purpose, various media, responsible for desired changes in the drug, are used before the use of certain poisonous plants in the formulation. UV spectroscopy technique was used to assess the changes taking place in the media, during shodhana procedure. In this study, the media, a mixture of takra (butter milk) and saindhava (rock salt) used, for seven days, for the shodhana of root of Langali (Gloriosa superba Linn.), a drug of upavisaha (semi-poisonous) group, was subjected to UV spectroscopic analysis. The result was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique, using unscrambler software. Analysis of the results of UV spectroscopy from the range of 200 to 400 nm does not show significant changes, in the media, after four days. Physicochemical analysis of the samples before and after shodhana was also done. The values such as total ash, water and alcohol soluble extractive values of the shodhita samples were found to be increased. Qualitative analysis of samples show presence of alkaloids, saponin, tannins and carbohydrates before and after shodhana procedures....
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