Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 11 Articles
The Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asteraceae) a traditional Indian medicinal plant is commonly used to nourish and improve the stomach conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the anti ulcer potential of Sphaeranthus indicus. The aerial part was successively extracted with solvents of varying polarities, which serve as test extracts. Anti ulcer effect was checked in albino rats using pyloric ligation induced and aspirin induced ulcer model .Ranitidine at a dose of 25mg/kg was used as standard drug for the gastric ulcer model. The gastric content was collected and volume was measured. The ulceration index was determined by examining the inner lining of each stomach. Further more the effect was assed by free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. The Ethanol extract and Aqueous extract was found to posses the most effective anti ulcer activity. This proves the traditional claim of the plant as anti ulcer drug....
Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Miers ex Hook F and Thomas commonly known as Giloe (Hindi) is the member of genus Tinospora of the family Menispermaceae. Tinospora cordifolia being a rasayana drug from Ayurveda is recommended in India as traditional medicine for a number of diseases and for the promotion of health. The aim of the study is to investigate anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cell line, anti-diabetic activity and antioxidant potential of Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) stem hydroalcoholic (50:50) extract in normal, glucose-loaded hyperglycaemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and C57BL/6J mice. The anti-adipogenic study was conducted to explore the adipocytic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) using 3T3L1 fibroblast cell line as pre-adipocytes. For anti diabetic effect the hydroalcoholic extracts of stem of Tinospora cordifolia were administered orally (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and high fatty diet fed C57/BL/6J mice. It is concluded after the adipocyte assay that the Tc have Anti-adipogenic potential as it retard the maturation of cells and and the in vivo results clearly suggest that Tc treated group prevent a rise in blood glucose level in glucose primed rats (anti-hyperglycaemic effect) and 18h fasted rats (anti-hypoglycaemic effect) with also an effective recovery of hyperglycaemic conditions in STZ treated diabetic rats and a dose dependent anti-dyslipidaemic and anti-obese effect on high fatty diet fed C57BL/6J mice. The elevation of biomarker enzymes were significantly reduced by Tc shows hepatoprotective and renoprotective effect....
Some species of Salvia have been used from ancient time as antidiabetic, antidiaphoretic agent and for improving memory. In this research we hypothesize that Salvia rhytidea might be a good candidate for improving of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer disease (AD). So, we have studied in-vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and different fractions of a standardized extract of this plant as a neutrceutical. Firstly methanolic extract of S. rhytidea was prepared by maceration method. Rosmarinic acid (RA) content of the extract was measured by spectrophotometry method using calibration curve of RA. Essential oil and different fractions of the plant were prepared using hydrodistillation and maceration method respectively. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity of all fractions were evaluated using colorimetry method and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay respectively. IC50 and the percentage of inhibition of samples were determined. The content of RA in plant extract was determined as 1.4% (mg/g dry plant). Amongst the different samples, essential oil exhibited the highest cholinesterase inhibition (93.0±7.4%) while the least IC50 value of cholinesterse inhibition was due to chloroform fraction (1.01±0.02 µg/ml). Methanolic fraction exhibited the most DPPH inhibition (90.2±6.7% inhibitions) in antioxidant method. These results confirm that chloroform fraction and essential oil of this plant would be a good candidate for further studies for health promotion. Considering the non polar nature of these fractions and phytochemical results can conclude that terpenoids might be responsible for this effect of the plant which need more studies....
Depression is a common, delibilitating, lifethreatning illness with a high incidence. Numerous antidepressant compounds are now available, which presumably act via different mechanisms involving the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Mucuna pruriens a popular Indian medicinal plant is pharmacologically studied for its antidiabetic, aphrodisiac, antineoplastic and neuroprotective activities has also significantly restored the endogenous levodopa, dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin content in substantia nigra. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible antidepressant effect of Mucuna pruriens in mice using various behavioural models of depression. Male albino mice weighing 18-25 g were randomly divided into groups of 6 animals each. Alcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens at a dose range from 600-1200 mg/kg once a day was administered per orally for 14 days to mice. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and forced swim test procedures were used for induction of experimental depression. Dose of 1200 mg/kg of alcoholic extract for 2 weeks significantly (p<0.001) showed antidepressant effect and was comparable with standard fluoxetine hydrochloride in forced swim test and mild stress model of depression. The observed effects of alcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens not only confirm the antidepressant like effect in forced swim test, but also validated the improving effects of alcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens on the depression-like symptoms in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model and thus may be worthwhile to utilize it as a potential antidepressant....
The present study is concerned with both in-vitro assessment of anti-hemolytic and protein denaturation activity of hydroethanolic extract of Calendula officinalis, Ficus bengalensis and Juglans regia. Total flavonoids and phenolics also were determined by using aluminum nitrate and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods using quercetin and tannic acid as reference standard respectively. The antioxidant capacity of sample was assessed through reducing power assay, DPPH-scavenging effect IC50 values of extracts being 29.012±1.3429 (µg/ml), 33.739±0.923 (µg/ml) and 40.231±1.323 (µg/ml) respectively. The maximum anti-hemolytic activity 120.542±0.438 (µg/ml), 148.839±1.482 (µg/ml) and 214.190±1.584 (µg/ml). The findings infer that Calendula officinalis substantiates the promising in-vitro antioxidant, antihemolytic and protein denaturation activity in the tested models....
The aqueous and methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb were investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic activity in experimental animal models. Treatment with methanolic and aqueous extracts of Dalbergia sissoo demonstrate a diminished inflammation in rat hind paw when challenged with carrageenan. Aqueous extract treated groups showed more percentage inhibition of inflammation as compared with methanolic extract treated groups. The extracts exhibited dose dependent effect on inflammation i.e. 87.50% and 88.03% inhibition at dose level of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively in methanolic extract and 85.71% and 89.28% inhibition at doses level of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively in aqueous extract for inflammatory diseases. Methanolic extract from root of Dalbergia sissoo showed 63.7% and 70.6% inhibition of SO2 induced cough at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively while aqueous extract showed 62.12% and 70.03% inhibition of SO2 induced cough at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively as compared with the standard anti-asthmatic drug codeine sulphate (10mg/1kg, p.o.) which showed 30% inhibition of SO2 induced cough....
To determine effect of Ailanthus excelsa against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration test were use to determine genotoxicity for which 4 groups of mice were assigned .Twenty four hours before the treatment of Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg bd. wt) two treatment groups were treated with different dose of saponin reach extract and other group used as a Positive control treated with only Cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg bd. wt). The chromosomal aberration was increase by saponin reach extract of leaves of Ailanthus excelsa, when the animals were given a single dose of saponin reach extract at the different dose 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in different group (Group III, and IV) of mice. In test group III and IV was observed 44.17 and 49.83 % total chromosomal aberration. The observations suggest that saponin reach extract of leaves of Ailanthus excelsa has not a antimutagenic activity.It found that saponin reach extract of leaves of Ailanthus excelsa has a genotoxic activity....
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of n-butanol fraction of A. cepa bulb on mating behaviour in paroxetine-induced sexually dysfunction male rats. Sexual dysfunctions such as decreased libido, delayed orgasm, difficulties in maintaining an erection, and inhibition of ejaculation are common side effects of paroxetine. A. cepa bulb n-butanol fraction (100 mg/kg) was administered orally in paroxetine induced sexually impaired male rats for 7 days. At the end of 7th day, mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculatory frequency (EF), mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculatory latency (EL) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed. Results showed that in relation to the paroxetine treated group, n-butanol fraction, significantly restored the normal sexual behavior as evident from increased MF, IF, EF and reduced ML, IL, EL and PEI....
The root bark of V. madraspatana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver disorders. In this study the rats were divided into five groups, control group, negative control (carbontetrachloride), extract treated groups at dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg and a standard treated group. Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Ventilago madraspatana root- bark on CCl4 induced damage in rats was investigated by estimating the biochemical parameter in both serum and liver of extract treated group. The extract treated groups showed significant decrease in serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin and increase in total protein. The liver homogenate of extract treated group showed decrease in total protein and inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase(GPx),glutathione-s-transferase(GST),glutathionereductase(GRD),superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and vitamin E level . Histopathological studies of rats treated with aqueous extract of Ventilago madraspatana root bark reveals reduced cellular damage induced by CCl4. The results of present study suggest aqueous extract of Ventilago madraspatana root bark protects CCl4 induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats by restoring the antioxidant status....
In present study invivo anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of leaves and stems, aqueous extract of leaves and stems of Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees was evaluated by using 15 days liquid tumour model against EAC bearing Swiss albino mice. Invivo anticancer activity was determined by measuring following parameters, tumour volume, tumour weight, packed cell volume, % increase in life span. It was found that all extracts, at doses 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, inhibited the tumour volume, packed cell volume, prolonged life span of animals as compared to EAC control. The study was extended to estimate in vivo anti-oxidant activity of extracts by determining biochemical parameters such as SOD (Superoxide dismutase), CAT (Catalase) and MDA (Melondialdehyde). Extracts have decreased MDA levels and restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT in EAC tumour bearing mice near to normal levels. Among the tested extracts of stems and leaves, the ethanolic extract exhibited high degree of inhibition followed by aq. extract. The above results suggest that Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees exhibits significant antitumour and antioxidant activity....
In this review, the hypotriglycerdemic and hypocholestremic activity of Withania coagulans bud extract is described. Withania coagulans Dunal belonging to the family Solanaceae is a small bush which is widely spread in South Asia. The biological activities of withanolides from Withania coagulans viz., Anti-inflammatory effect, anti cancer and alzheimer’s disease and their mechanisms, antihyperglycaemic, hypocholesterolemic, antifungal, antibacterial, cardiovascular effects and another activity are defined. Several studies conducted, showed promising results in managing diabetes and its complications. Dyslipidemia is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus, which increases risk of premature atherosclerosis. Drugs having antihyperlipidemic activity in addition to their hypoglycemic effect in diabetes may be suitable anti-atherosclerotic agents in diabetic patients. The present study was aimed to investigate the hypotriglycerdemic and hypocholestremic activity of an aqueous extract of Withania coagulans (AWC) in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes....
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