Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2025 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
With the increasing requirements for chip data storage capabilities in elds such as automotive electronics and the Internet of Things, Flash memory is becoming more and more widely used. This paper presents a 512 KBytes Flash memory array with high reliability, high-speed reading, and high noise immunity. By regarding one bit of the dual-bit NORD structure as a dummy bit, we simplify the operation mode and obtain a wider cell current window. Meanwhile, this paper minimized the inuence of supply voltage uctuation on the comparison between cell current and reference current through the optimization of the sense amplier circuit. We tested whether this array depicts a high-endurance performance under 25 °C and 85 °C, as well as high-speed reading up to 18 ns. This enhanced Flash memory is expected to bring inspiration for achieving high reliability and endurance in the automotive eld under harsh operating conditions....
Square steel tube (SST) columns are widely applied, and fire resistance is a critical issue in its design. Current research on the fire resistance of the SST column predominantly assumes that it is uniformly exposed to fire, ignoring the thermal insulation of the surrounding walls under actual fire conditions. The heat transfer and mechanical finite element model (FEM) for SST columns embedded in walls under an ISO 834 standard fire are established in this study, and the accuracy of the FEM is verified by existing experimental results. Subsequently, the wall effect on the temperature distribution and fire resistance of the SST columns exposed to fire is analyzed, the stress mechanisms of the SST column embedded in walls is investigated and further parametric analyses are performed. The results show that, for SST columns embedded in walls, the temperature rise rate of the wall-embedded region is significantly reduced, and the fire resistance is improved by 25.3% compared with the case of uniform exposure to fire. Under two fire conditions, the SST columns exhibit compressive bending failure, and when considering the wall effect, the uneven temperature distribution induces material strength eccentricity, causing the buckling direction to deviate toward the wall-thickness direction. Reducing the fire-resistive coating thickness of the wall-embedded region can mitigate the uneven stress distribution, thereby lowering construction costs while concurrently preserving fire resistance. Increasing the steel tube thickness can significantly improve the fire resistance, but the high steel strength and slenderness ratio result in the accelerated failure of the SST column when exposed to fire....
Both reducing singlet-triplet energy gaps (ES1T1) and enhancing spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) are key to improving reverse intersystem crossing rates (kRISC) in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. While considerable efforts have focused on reducing ES1T1, investigations on SOCs remain limited. Here, blocking π- conjugation in carbonyl-embedded polycyclic heteroaromatic (PHA) molecules as potential approach to elevate ππ* excitation energy, allowing its hybridization with nπ* excitation, thereby increasing SOCs is proposed. Two proof-ofconcept isomers, DNDK-1 and DNDK-2 are synthesized, with different orientations of carbonyl units. DNDK-1 adopts a heavily twisted structure that hinders π-conjugation, while DNDK-2 remains quasi-planar, maintaining stronger π- conjugation. Experimental measurements reveals stark differences in their photophysical properties, with DNDK-1 exhibiting faster kRISC and much higher electroluminescence efficiency. The ab-initio calculations elucidate that hindered conjugation in DNDK-1 elevates ππ* excitation energy, enabling nπ*-ππ* mixing, thus significantly boosting SOCs. In contrast, smooth π-conjugation in DNDK-2 leads to marginal nπ*-ππ* mixing. In addition, utilizing groups composed of meta-arranged carbonyl-Ar-carbonyl and meta-arranged N-Ar-N units emerges as another approach to block π- conjugation and enhance SOCs. This joint experimental and theoretical work provides promising pathways to enhance SOCs by blocking π-conjugation, offering crucial insights for designing carbonyl-embedded PHA emitters with larger SOCs....
This comprehensive article explores the transformative impact of edge AI computing on embedded systems, highlighting the paradigm shift from clouddependent to on-device processing. The article examines the architectural foundations, performance benefits, security advantages, and implementation considerations of edge AI systems. The article demonstrates how edge computing addresses critical challenges in latency, cost efficiency, data privacy, and operational reliability across various applications, particularly in autonomous systems. The article encompasses detailed analyses of hardware accelerators, memory architectures, power management strategies, and security frameworks, providing insights into both current capabilities and future developments. By examining real-world deployments across multiple sectors, the article illustrates how edge AI technology is revolutionizing embedded systems through improved processing efficiency, reduced operational costs, enhanced security measures, and optimized resource utilization....
Wireless power transfer using beamforming technology has recently gained significant attention for sensor networks and embedded systems. This technology uses array antennas and mid-range RF power (15–20 dBm) rectifiers for efficient power delivery to sensors. Despite its potential, research on mid-range RF power CMOS rectifiers remains limited. Addressing this gap, we propose a high-efficiency pMOS-based rectifier employing a body-biasing technique—a proven method for enhancing device performance—specifically designed for wideband and mid-range RF power RF applications. Conventional rectifiers often depend on precise input impedance matching to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE), which restricts bandwidth and limits practicality in dynamic environments. To overcome these challenges, the proposed design integrates a modified matching network, combined with dynamic body-biasing, which lowers the pMOS threshold voltage and minimizes power losses. Simulations reveal a peak PCE of 60.5%, with efficiency exceeding 50% across a broad frequency range up to 2.5 GHz—significantly outperforming traditional designs. Unlike conventional impedance-matching solutions, this rectifier maintains robust performance under input mismatches, making it well-suited for beamforming-based WPT systems. This study highlights the potential of integrating body-biasing with advanced matching networks for efficient wideband rectifiers....
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