Frequency: Quarterly E- ISSN: 2454-8049 P- ISSN: IBI Factor 3.2 Abstracted/ Indexed in: CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Google Scholar, InfoBase Index
Quarterly published in print and online â??Inventi Rapid/Impact: Veterinary Scienceâ?? publishes high quality unpublished as well as high impact pre-published research and reviews catering to the needs of researchers and professionals. The journal focuses on research and development in the field of veterinary medicine and surgery covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild.
The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric values of the skull and the\nmandible of the common opossum from the Caribbean island of Trinidad and Tobago. The skulls\nand mandibles were obtained from ten opossums captured for research purposes. The skulls and\nmandibles were prepared and cleaned using standard method. Some anatomical landmarks of the\nskulls and mandibles were identified and measured. The results were important for identification\nof the common opossum via comparison and discussion of our results with that of other marsupial\nspecies. Furthermore, the results had clinical importance with regard to regional nerve blocks of the\ninfraorbital, inferior alveolar, and mental nerves for dental extraction and head surgery. This study\nconcluded that by using the anatomical landmarks of the infraorbital and mental foramina it will be\neasier for the veterinarian surgeons during the application of local anesthetic agent for the infraorbital,\ninferior alveolar, and mental nerve blocks....
Canine dirofilariosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease that is increasingly reported worldwide. Once diagnosed the main\ntreatment goals are to improve the animal�s clinical condition and to eliminate all life stages of the parasite with minimal\npost treatment side effects. This can be achieved through mechanical, surgical, or chemo therapeutical approaches.Currently,manual\nextraction is the preferred method to remove adult heartworms due to its diminished invasiveness, reduced damage to the vascular\nendothelium, and shortened anaesthesia duration. However, it remains an expensive technique that can be highly traumatic. To\naddress this issue, a nontraumatic homemade catheter-guided snare was developed for heart worm removal by adapting and folding\na 0.014-inch coronary wire (BMW, Abbott Vascular). Transvenous heart worm extraction was performed on a dog severely infected\nwith adult heartworms by inserting the modified snare into a 6-F Judkins right coronary guiding catheter BMW (Cordis) and\nadvancing it into the right ventricle under fluoroscopic guidance. Fifteen adult specimens of Dirofilaria immitis were successfully\nextracted from the pulmonary artery and right ventricle without complications. To assure the death of both larvae and adults,\npostoperative treatment was successfully managed using ivermectin, doxycycline, and melarsomine, with no recurrence after\nsurgery....
Background: Premilking udder preparation is essential for harvesting high-quality milk as gently, completely, and\nquickly as possible. The associations between characteristics such as teat-end shape and premilking stimulation on\nmilking characteristics and machine milking-induced changes to the teat tissue condition have not been rigorously\ninvestigated. The primary objective was to investigate the interactive effects of manual premilking stimulation (i.e.,\npreparation lag time) and teat-end shape on total milk yield, two-minute milk yield, milking unit-on time, and time\nin low milk flow rate. Our secondary objective was to study the association of manual premilking stimulation and\nchanges to the teat tissue condition after machine milking (i.e., short-term changes). In a longitudinal prospective\ncohort study, 384 milking observations from 129 cows were analysed. Holstein cows were housed in sand-bedded\nfree-stall pens, fed a total mixed ration, and milked 3 times a day. Cows were classified by teat-end shape into 1 of\n3 categories: pointed, flat, or round. Individual cow milking characteristics were recorded with electronic on-farm\nmilk meters. The duration of manual stimulation, preparation lag time, and presence of short-term changes were\ndocumented for each milking observation. General linear mixed models were used to study the interactive effects\nof preparation lag time and teat-end shape on milking characteristics.\nResults: There was an interaction between preparation lag time and teat-end shape for two-minute milk yield and\ntime in low milk flow rate. The preparation lag time effect was modified by teat-end shape, while no interaction\nwas observed for total milk yield or milking unit-on time. A generalized linear mixed model revealed that\npreparation lag time was associated with short-term changes in teat tissue condition, where the odds of short-term\nchanges decreased as preparation lag time increased.\nConclusions: In summary, cows with different teat-end shapes may require different premilking stimulation\nregimens. Increasing preparation lag time benefits teat tissue condition during machine milking. Further research is\nwarranted to optimize individual premilking stimulation in dairy cows....
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common progressive joint disease in dogs and cats. The goal of OA treatment\nis to reduce inflammation, minimize pain, and maintain joint function. Currently, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory\ndrugs (e.g., meloxicam) are the cornerstone of treatment for OA pain, but side effects with long-term use pose\nimportant challenges to veterinary practitioners when dealing with OA pain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a\nnaturally-occurring fatty acid amide, locally produced on demand by tissues in response to stress. PEA endogenous\nlevels change during inflammatory and painful conditions, including OA, i.e., they are typically increased during acute\nconditions and decreased in chronic inflammation. Systemic treatment with PEA has anti-inflammatory and\npain-relieving effects in several disorders, yet data are lacking in OA. Here we tested a new composite, i.e.,\nPEA co-ultramicronized with the natural antioxidant quercetin (PEA-Q), administered orally in two different rat\nmodels of inflammatory and OA pain, namely carrageenan paw oedema and sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced\nOA. Oral treatment with meloxicam was used as benchmark.\nResults: PEA-Q decreased inflammatory and hyperalgesic responses induced by carrageenan injection, as shown by: (i)\npaw oedema reduction, (ii) decreased severity in histological inflammatory score, (iii) reduced activity of myeloperoxidase,\ni.e., a marker of inflammatory cell infiltration, and (iv) decreased thermal hyperalgesia. Overall PEA-Q showed\nsuperior effects compared to meloxicam. In MIA-treated animals, PEA-Q exerted the following effects: (i) reduced\nmechanical allodynia and improved locomotor function, (ii) protected cartilage against MIA-induced histological\ndamage, and (iii) counteracted the increased serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1\nbeta, metalloproteases 1, 3, 9 and nerve growth factor. The magnitude of these effects was comparable to, or\neven greater than, those of meloxicam Conclusion: The present findings shed new light on some of the inflammatory and nociceptive pathways and\nmediators targeted by PEA-Q and confirm its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects in rodent OA pain\nmodels. The translatability of these observations to canine and feline OA pain is currently under investigation....
Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are two of the main causes of foodborne\ndisease globally, and while they have been implicated as possible causes of foodborne disease within\nthe Caribbean region, the actual incidence is unknown. Trinidad and Tobago, one of the larger\ncountries in the Caribbean, has an estimated annual foodborne disease burden of over 100,000 cases\nand, similar to other countries, the etiology of most of these cases is unknown. Both pathogens\ncan reside as part of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of many wild and domestic animals,\nwith animals acting as reservoirs, spillover hosts, or dead-end hosts. Carriage in animal species can be\nasymptomatic or, in the case of Salmonella in particular, there may be clinical manifestation in animals,\nwhich resemble the disease seen in humans. In this review, we will focus on the epidemiology of\nthese two foodborne pathogens in Trinidad and Tobago and identify any knowledge gaps in the\npublished literature. The filling of this critical knowledge void is essential for the development and\nimplementation of appropriate mechanisms to reduce the dissemination and transmission of these\npathogens, not only in Trinidad and Tobago, but also in the wider Caribbean....
Flunixin meglumine (FM) was investigated for the effectiveness of plasma, oral fluid, and urine\nconcentrations to predict tissue residue depletion profiles in finishing-age swine, along with the potential for\nuntreated pigs to acquire tissue residues following commingled housing with FM-treated pigs. Twenty pigs were\nhoused in groups of three treated and one untreated control. Treated pigs received one 2.2 mg/kg dose of FM\nintramuscularly. Before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h (h) after treatment, plasma samples were taken.\nAt 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days (d) post-treatment, necropsy and collection of plasma, urine, oral fluid, muscle, liver,\nkidney, and injection site samples took place. Analysis of flunixin concentrations using liquid chromatography/\ntandem mass spectrometry was done. A published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for flunixin\nin cattle was extrapolated to swine to simulate the measured data.\nResults: Plasma concentrations of flunixin were the highest at 1 h post-treatment, ranging from 1534 to 7040 ng/\nmL, and were less than limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 ng/mL in all samples on Day 4. Flunixin was detected in\nthe liver and kidney only on Day 1, but was not found 4â??16 d post-treatment. Flunixin was either not seen or\nfound less than LOQ in the muscle, with the exception of one sample on Day 16 at a level close to LOQ. Flunixin\nwas found in the urine of untreated pigs after commingled housing with FM-treated pigs. The PBPK model\nadequately correlated plasma, oral fluid and urine concentrations of flunixin with residue depletion profiles in liver,\nkidney, and muscle of finishing-age pigs, especially within 24 h after dosing....
A three year old doberman dog was referred to the clinic with a history of purulent discharges which were noticed on\nthe back region. Dog showed erosions, desquamation of skin with purulent exudates all over the dorsum region. Cytological\nexamination of smears from the skin lesions revealed presence of mixed bacterial infection, presence of more number of\nneutrophils and free form parasitic infection. Condition was diagnosed as actinic dermatitis and treated with external\napplication of povidone iodine and gentamicin ointment on the day of presentation. Dog was treated with tab. Enrofloxacin @ 5\nmg/kg body weight PO, capsule vitamin E 200 mg PO, along with daily dressing of skin lesions with ointment gentamicin,\ncalamine, allontoin and vitamin E lotion. The skin lesions resolved after two weeks of therapy and complete healthy scar\nformation was noticed....
The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and osmotic effects of different doses of\nglycerol or a glycerol - propylene glycol mixture in Sarda sheep with the aim to identify those able to beneficially\nmodify eweâ??s metabolic status without harmful changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices. Thereafter, the selected\ndoses were tested for their effects on eweâ??s ovarian activity during an induced follicular phase and compared to\nthe effects of a hormonal treatment with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG).......................
Background: Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a single-stranded, closed circular DNA virus, which causes porcine\ndermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), multisystemic inflammation, and reproductive failure. The present\nstudy aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV3 in cattle (Bos taurus) in Shandong province, China, and\nexamine its genome diversity.\nResults: PCR amplification and sequencing showed that 74 of 213 bovine samples (34.7%) were positive for PCV3.\nAmong them, the capsid gene (n = 12) and the complete genome (n = 4) were sequenced. These sequences had\nhigh identities to the reference capsid gene (98.0-100%) and the complete genome (97.5-99.8%). The PCV3 strains\nwere classified into two different genotypes (PCV3a and PCV3b), according to phylogenetic analysis based on the\ncomplete genome and capsid gene sequences. Specifically, the bovine-origin strains in this study were grouped\ninto PCV3a, showing a close relationship with PCV3-US/SD2016 (American strain; GenBank: KX966193.1). Notably, a\ncomparison of the inferred amino acid sequences revealed a mutation from D124 to Y124.\nConclusion: This was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in cattle in Shandong province,\nChina. The results could provide insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this important virus....
Background: Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been associated with\nreductions in milk production in dairy cows and sub optimal fertility. The aim of this study was to highlight the\nproduction losses associated with testing MAP ELISA positive in Irish dairy cows. Secondary objectives included\ninvestigation of risk factors associated with testing MAP ELISA positive. A survey of management practices on study\nfarms was also conducted, with examination of associations between management practices and herd MAP status.\nBlood samples were collected from 4188 breeding animals on 22 farms. Samples were ELISA tested using the ID Screen\nParatuberculosis Indirect Screening Test. Production parameters examined included milk yield, milk fat, milk protein,\nsomatic cell count, and calving interval. The association between MAP ELISA status and production data was investigated\nusing multi-level mixed models. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for testing JD blood ELISA positive at\nindividual cow level and to identify associations between farm management practices and herd MAP status.\nResults: Data were available for 3528 cows. The apparent prevalence recorded was 7.4 %. Mixed model analysis revealed\nno statistically significant association between testing MAP ELISA positive and dairy cow production parameters. Risk\nfactors associated with testing positive included larger sized herds being over twice more likely to test positive than\nsmaller herds (OR 2.4 P = <0.001). Friesians were less likely to test positive relative to other breeds. A number of study\nfarmers were engaged in management practices that have previously been identified as high risk for MAP transmission\ne.g., 73.1 % pooled colostrum and 84.6 % of study farmers used the calving area to house sick animals throughout the\nyear. No significant associations however, were identified between farm management practices and herd MAP status.\nConclusion: No production losses were identified; however an apparent prevalence of 7.4 % was recorded. With the\nabolition of EU milk quotas herd size in Ireland is expanding, as herds included in this study were larger than the\nnational average, results may be indicative of future JD levels if no JD control programmes are implemented to minimise\ntransmission....
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